Ph.D. 1968, Ph.D. University of California at Santa Barbara
Research Interests
My research is primarily concerned with the population and community of ecology of reef animals, particularly corals, and can be divided
into the following topics: 1) The influence of the interactions between coral species on the diversity within coral communities, 2) The operation
of the zooxanthellae--coral mutualism, 3) The influence of the interactions between corals and other organisms on the diversity within coral
communities, 4) The process of succession in coral communities, 5) The growth rates and morphology of corals.
At the present time a large part of my research is concerned with the competiton between a macroscopic green alga and the reef building
corals in Kane‘ohe Bay. In all these ecological studies, my approach has been a combination of field-observation, and field and laboratory
experiments.