Summary of
Bioremediation Technologies


The following table summarizes the media and contaminants applicable to each bioremediation technology covered in this database.

Technology

Applicable Media

Target Contaminants

 Phytoremediation
     Phytoextraction  brownfields; sediments; soil;  groundwater  metals - Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn
     Phytostabilization  sediments; soil  metals - As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn
 hydrophobic organics - DDT, dieldrin,     dioxins, furans, PAH, PCB, PCP
     Phytostimulation  sediments; soil; wastewater  (land  application) organics - aromatics, PAH, pesticides
     Phytotransformation  groundwater; landfill  leachate;  soil; wastewater (land application)  ammunition wastes - RDX, TNT
 aromatics - BTEX
 chlorinated aliphatics - TCE
 herbicides - atrazine, alachlor
 hydrocarbons - TPH
 nutrients - NO3 (-), NH4 (+), PO4 (3-)
     Rhizofiltration  groundwater; water and  wastewater in lagoons or  constructed wetlands  hydrophobic organics
 metals - Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn
 radionuclides - 137Cs, 90Sr, U
     Constructed Wetlands  domestic wastewater; landfill  leachate; livestock wastewater;  pulp mill effluent; septage  BOD, TDS, TSS
 NO2, NO3, NH3, NH4
 coliforms - fecal, total
 metals - Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn
 nutrients - Al, Fe, K, Mn, P
 Bioaugmentation
     Biodegradation  groundwater; sludge; soil  COD
 organics - BTEX
 NAPL
 pesticides
 solvents
 Biostimulation
     Bioventing  soil  non-chlorinated hydrocarbons
 pesticides
 petroleum hydrocarbons
 wood preservatives
     Chemical Oxidation of      Soils  soil; wastewater  inorganic contaminants
     In situ Lagoon  sludge; soil  hydrocarbons - BTEX, PAH, other
 phenols
 Bioreactors
     Compost-based reactor    lagoon sediments; municipal and  refinery sludge; soil  ethylene glycol
 explosives
 hydrocarbons - PAH
 PCP
 pesticides
     Slurry-based reactor  groundwater; sludge; soil  acetic acid
 explosives - TNT
 hydrocarbons - BTEX, PAH
 pesticides
 petrochemicals
 wood preservatives
 Land-based Treatments
     Composting  lagoon sediments; municipal  sludge; soil  ethylene glycol
 explosives
 hydrocarbons - PAH
 PCP
 pesticides
     Land Farming  sediment; sludge; soil  hydrocarbons - TPH
 PCP
 pesticides
 Fungal Remediation
     White-rot Fungus  soil  CAH, PCB, polychlorinated     dibenzo(p)dioxins
 explosives - TNT
 hydrocarbons - PAH
 pesticides - DDT, lindane
 some azo dyes

BOD: biochemical oxygen demand
BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene
CAH: chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons
COD: chemical oxygen demand
DDT: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene
NAPL: non-aqueous phase liquid
PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PCB: polychlorinated biphenyl
PCP: pentachlorophenol
RDX: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
TCE: trichloroethylene
TDS: total dissolved solids
TNT: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
TPH: total petroleum hydrocarbons
TSS: total suspended solids


Back to Technologies Page



 
[UHM | HNEI | CTAHR | Home | Comments and Questions]