PEOPLES AND CULTURES OF THE PACIFIC

A Proposed Course for Ethnic Studies or Anthropology

Instructor: David W. Gegeo, BA, NS, PhD

Home Address: 81 Bonnie Lane, Berkeley, Ca 94708

Telephone: (510) 527-5076

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The 21st Century has been called the "century of the Pacific." However, what is usually meant by "Pacific" in this phrase is Pacific Rim (that is, Asia and island Southeast Asia, together with Western Hemisphere countries). The territories and countries of the island Pacific (e.g., Hawai'i, Guam, Belau, Marshall Islands, the Federated State of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga, etc.) are typically marginalized in discussions of global politics, education and business. Yet the islands of the Pacific continue to have an important strategic value for the superpowers, and they have natural resources important to the global economy (including fish, precious metals, forests, and potential oil fields). They have also become a target area for international trade and peace relations in the South Pacific region.

Taught by an indigenous Pacific Islander, this introductory course provides an overview of the peoples and cultures of the Pacific Islands together with their history of first contact, missionization, colonization, decolonization, education, and diasporic migration to the metropolis. These topics are examined in the light of the impact of rapid globalization in the region.

The course is intended for Pacific Island students and others who are interested in finding careers in education, government or business in the Pacific region. Those interested in becoming educational or community development specialists working with Pacific Island communities in the U.S.A. and other metropolitan areas will also value greatly by taking this course.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will gain basic knowledge about the cultures, histories, economics, processes of social change, and contemporary issues in representative societies of the Pacific region.

INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGY

The learning objectives in this course will be achieved through lectures, group discussions, student presentations, guest lectures, videos and other audio-visual materials.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Grading and Evaluation

Grading and evaluation in this course will be based on regular class attendance, participation in class discussions and other assignments, and performance on the quizzes and the final exam. Besides the assigned texts, students are also encouraged to bring to class other relevant materials on which they may wish to make short presentations or lead class discussions.

(Note: A mid-term exam and a final research paper of 10-15 pages may be substituted for the quizzes and the final exam).

GRADING

Attendance/Participation	10 points
Quizzes	45 points
Final exam	45 points
TOTAL	100 POINTS

GRADING ASSIGNMENT

Accumulated Points Grade

96 - 100 =	A
91 - 95 =	A-
86 - 90 =	B+
81 - 85 =	B
76 - 80 =	B-
71 - 75 =	C+
66 - 70 =	C
61 - 65 =	C-
56 - 60 =	D
55 - Below =	F

SCHEDULE OF CLASSES

WEEK 1	GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO COURSE
Session 1:	Overview of course syllabus, texts and class assignments. General introduction to the three major cultural groups in the Pacific: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. Reading Assignment: Oliver, Douglas; Chapter 1, Vol. 1. Crocombe, Ron; Chapter 1.
Session 2:	The Pacific Islands: Setting, History, People. Reading Assignment: Oliver, D.; Chapter 18.
WEEK 2	TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
Session 1:	Kinship, Family and Marriage Reading Assignment: Levy, R., Chapter 1. Howard, A. and Kirkpatrick, J., Chapter 3. In Howard and Borofsky (ed.) pp. 47-95.
Session 2:	Values and Identity Reading Assignment: Levy; Chapters 7, 8. Flinn, J., Chapter 5; In Linnekin and Poyer (ed.), pp. 103-127. Dominy, M., Chapter 11; In Linnekin and Poyer (ed.), pp. 237-259.
WEEK 3	TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Session 1:	Ancestral Spirits and Other Gods Reading Assignment: Keesing, R., Chapters 2, 3, 4, 6 & 9; Shore, B., Chapter 5; In Howard and Borofsky (ed.), pp. 137-175.
Session 2:	Leadership Reading Assignment: Franco, R., Chapter 4; In White and Lindstrom (ed.), pp. 71-83. White, Geoffrey, M., Chapter 4 Pinsker, Eve, Chapter 8; In White and Lindstrom (ed.), pp. 150-183.

WEEK 4	EDUCATION: PAST AND PRESENT
Session 1:	Child Socialization Reading Assignment: Watson-Gegeo, K.A. and D.W. Gegeo, Chapter 5; In Cook-Gumperz, Corsaro and Streeck (eds.), pp. 109-127. Watson-Gegeo, and Gegeo, Chapter 4. In P. Zukow, (ed.), pp. 54-72.
Session 2:	Education for Cash Reading Assignment: Luteru, P.H. and G. R. Teasedale, COMPARATIVE EDUCATION. vol. 29, No. 3. pp. 293—307. Caston, G., ibid,; pp. 321-333. Gegeo and Watson-Gegeo, Anthropology & Educational Quarterly, pp. 23: 10-29.
WEEK 5	TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION
Session 1:	Land Tenure and Gardening Reading Assignment: Tetiarahi, Chapter 3. In R. Crocombe, (ed.). pp. 45-59. Saussol, A., Chapter 12.; ibid., pp. 240-261. Souder, P., Chapter 10.; ibid., pp. 211-226.
Session 2:	Food and Food Getting Reading Assignment: Oliver, D.; Chapter 8. Rappaport, Roy A., Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6
WEEK 6	CONTACT AND MODERNIZATION
Session 1:	Colonization, Church and Schools. Reading Assignment: Hezel, F.X., PACIFIC STUDIES; pp. 95-112. White, Geoffrey M., Chapters, 7 & 8 Campbell, I.C., Chapters 3, 7, 9
Session 2:	Plantation and Wage Labor Reading Assignment: Ali, Ahmed, Chapters 1, 3 & 5. Moore, Clive, Chapters, 1, 2, 3, 5
WEEK 7	WORLD WAR TWO AND THE INTENSIFICATION OF MODERNIZATION.
Session 1:	The Allies and Islanders Reading Assignment: White et al., Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4.
Session 2:	Post-War Resistance to Colonization Reading Assignment: Hempenstall, P. and N. Rutherford, Chapter 5. Henningham, Stephen, Chapters 2,3,4
WEEK 8	DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICAL CHANGE
Session 1:	De-colonization and Independence Reading Assignment: Ghai, Chapter 1. Bertram, G.; Chapter 2. In Hooper et al., (eds.).
Session 2:	Types of governments in the Islands Reading Assignment: Ghai, Chapters 2 & 3.
WEEK 9	THE DISEASES OF CIVILIZATION
Session 1:	The Social Impacts of Diet Change Reading Assignment: Nero, K.; PACIFIC STUDIES, pp. 63-93.
Session 2:	Urbanization and change in traditional family values. Reading Assignment: Levin and Levin, Chapter 4.
WEEK 10	ISLAND ECONOMIES TODAY
Session 1:	TNCs and Island Resources Reading Assignment: Fairbairn, T. and T.T.G. Parry Hill, Stephen, Chapter 4, In Marjoram (Ed).
Session 2:	Sending Money back Home Reading Assignment: Poirine, B.; The Contemporary Pacific. pp. 65-107. Brown, R. P.C.; The Contemporary Pacific. pp. 107-153.
WEEK 11	MIGRATION AND IDENTITY
Session 1:	Pacific Island Communities Abroad Reading Assignment: Morton, H.; The Contemporary Pacific. pp. 1-31. Hezel, F.X. and T.B. McGrath; PACIFIC STUDIES, pp. 47-65.
Session 2:	Urban and Peri-urban Squatters Reading Assignment: Suguta, A., Chapter 13. In L. Mason and P. Hereniko, (eds.). pp. 131-145. Langi, P., Chapter 22., ibid., pp. 245-251. Ala, A., Chapter 17., ibid., pp. 198-206.
WEEK 12	ART AND LITERATURE
Session 1:	From Myth to Fabulation Reading Assignment: Subramani, Chapters 1, 4, 5 & 6. Buck, Elizabeth, Chapter 6
Session 2:	Cultural Representations at the 5th Festival of Pacific Arts (1989). Video: The Polynesians Video: The Melanesians Video: The Micronesians
WEEK 13	THE PACIFIC ISLANDS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD
Session 1:	How Others See Us Reading Assignment: Fry, G.; The Contemporary Pacific. pp. 305-345. Hau'ofa, Epeli, The Contemporary Pacific., Vol. 10, No. 2., pp. 391-411.
Session 2:	Security in the Pacific Region Reading Assiqnment: Babbage, R.; In Mediansky, (ed.). pp. 177-215. Victor, J.; ibid., pp. 215-237. Gardner, P.F.; ibid., pp. 293-317.
WEEK 14	HAWAI'I: A Unique Case
Session 1:	Reading Assignment Trask, Haunani-Kay, Chapters Parts I, II, III, IV
Session 2:	Reading Assignment Buck, Elizabeth, Chapters 3,4, 7
WEEK 15	LET'S PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
Session 1:	Evaluation and Review for the Final Exam.
Session 2:	FINAL EXAMINATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ala, Andrew

1987 Mango Urban Settlement, Luganville, Vanuatu. In L. Mason and P. Hereniko, (eds.) In Searchof a HOME. Suva: University of the Pacific.

Ali, Ahmed

1980 PLANTATION TO POLITICS:Studies of Fijian Indians. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.

Babbage, Ross

1995 Australia. In F.A. Mediansky, (ed.), STRATEGICCOOPERATION AND COMPETITION IN THEPACIFIC ISLANDS. Australia: University of New South Wales.

Bertram, Geoff

1987 The Political Economy of Decolonization and Nationhood in Small Pacific Societies. In A. Hooper, et al., CLASS AND CULTURE in theSouth Pacific. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.

Brown, Richard P.C.

1998 Do Migrants' Remittances Decline Over Time?: Evidence from Tongans and Samoans in Australia. TheContemporary Pacific. Vol. 10, No. 1. pp. 107-153.

Buck, Elizabeth,

1993 PARADISE REMADE: The Politics of Culture and History in Hawai'i. Philadelphia: Temple University Press

Campbell, I.C.

1989 A History of thePacific Islands. New Zealand: Canterbury University Press.

Caston, Geoffrey

1993 Higher Education in the South Pacific: A Political Economy. COMPARATIVE EDUCATION. Vol. 29., No. 3. pp. 321-333.

Crocombe, Ron

1983 The South Pacific:An Introduction. New Zealand: Longman Paul.

Dominy, Michelle

1990 Maori Sovereignty: A Feminist Invention of Tradition. In Linnekin, J. and Poyer, L. (ed), CULTURALIDENTITY AND ETHNICITY IN THE PACIFIC. pp. 237—259.

Fairbairn, Te'o I.J. and Thomas T. G. Parry

1986 MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISESIN THE DEVELOPING SOUTH PACIFICREGION. Honolulu: East-West Center Pacific Islands Development Program.

Flinn, Julian 1990 We Still Have Our Customs: Being Pulapese in Truck. In Linnekin, J. and Poyer, L. (ed.), CULTURAL IDENTITY AND ETHNICITYIN THE PACIFIC. pp. 103—127.

Franco, Robert 197 The Kingly-Populist Divergence in Tonga and Western Samoa Chiefly System. In White G. and Lindstrom, M. (ed), CHIEFS TODAY: TraditionalPacific Leadership and the PostcolonialState. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 71-84.

Fry, Greg 1997 Framing the Islands: Knowledge and Power in Changing Australian Images of "the South Pacific." The Contemporary Pacific. Vol. 9, No. 2. pp. 305-345.

Ghai, Yash H. 1988 LAW POLITICSand GOVERNMENT in the Pacific IslandStates. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.

Gardner, Paul F. 1995 United States. In F.A. Mediansky, (ed.),STRATEGIC COOPERATION AND COMPETITIONIN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. Australia: University of New South Wales.

Gegeo, David W. and Karen A. Watson-Gegeo 1992 Schooling, Knowledge, and Power: Social Transformation in the Solomon Islands. Anthropology & EducationalQuarterly. 23:10-29.

Hau'ofa, Epeli

1998 The Ocean In Us, The Contemporary Pacific. Vol. 10. No. 2

Hempenstall, P. and N. Rutherford 1984 Protestand Dissent in the Colonial Pacific. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.

Henningham, Stephen

1992 France and the SouthPacific: A Contemporary History.

Honolulu, Hawai'i: University of Hawai'i Press

Hezel, F. X. 1984 Schools in Micronesia Prior to American Administration. PACIFIC STUDIES. Vol. 8, No. 1., pp. 95—112.

Hezel, F. X. and Thomas B. McGrath 1989 The Great Flight Northward: FSM Migration to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. PACIFIC STUDIES, Vol. 13, No. 1; pp. 47-65.

Hill, Stephen,

1994 Balancing Technology, Development and Culture. In Tony

Marjoram, (ed.) ISLAND TECHNOLOGY:Technology for

Development in the SouthPacific. Australia: Australian Scholarly Publications.

Howard, A. and J. Kirkpatrick

1989 Social Organization. In Howard and Borofsky (ed), DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press; pp. 47-95.

Keesing, R.M.

1982 KWAIO RELIGION: TheLiving and the Dead in aSolomon Island Society. New York: Columbia University Press.

Langi, Paulaki

1987 Tonga: Population Movement and Insecure Settlement. In L. Mason and P. Hereniko, (eds.). InSearch of a HOME. Suva: University of the South Pacific.

Levin, Hal B. and M. W. Levin

1979 URBANIZATION IN PAPUANEW GUINEA: A Study of AmbivalentTownsmen. London: Cambridge University Press.

Levy, Robert

1973 TAHITIANS: Mind andExperience in the Society Islands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Luteru, P.H. and G.R. Teasdale

1993 Aid and Education in the South Pacific. COMPARATIVE EDUCATION. vol. 29, No. 3. pp. 293-307.

Moore, Clive

1985 KANAKA: A Historyof Melanesia Mackay. New Guinea: University of Papua New Guinea Press.

Morton, Helen

1998 Creating Their Own Culture: Diasporic Tongans. The

Contemporary Pacific. Vol. 10, No. 1., pp. 1-31.

Nero, Karen

1990 The Hidden Pain: Drunkenness and Domestic Violence in

Palau. PACIFIC STUDIES. Vol. 13, No. 3. pp. 63-93.

Oliver, Douglas

1989 OCEANIA: The NativeCultures of Australia and the PacificIslands. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.

Pinsker, Eve C.

1997 Traditional Leaders Today in the Federated State of Micronesia. In White and Lindstrom (ed). pp. 150-183.

Poirine, Bernard

1998 Should We Hate or Love MIRAB? TheContemporary Pacific. Vol. 10, No. 1. pp. 65-107.

Rappaport, Roy

1980 PIGS FOR THE ANCESTORS:Ritual in the Ecology of aNew

Guinea People. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Saussol, Alain 1987 NEW CALEDONIA: Colonization and Reaction. In Ron Crocombe, (ed.).

Shore, Bradd 1989 Mana and Tapu. In Howard and Borofsky (ed) . pp. 137-75. Souder, Paul B. 1987 GUAM: Land Tenure in a Fortress. In R. Crocombe, (ed.).

Subramani 1985 SOUTH PACIFIC LITERATURE:From Myth to Fabulation. Suva: University of the South Pacific.

Suguta, Aloesi 1987 Squatting in Fiji. In L. Mason and P. Hereniko, (eds.), In Search ofa HOME. Suva: University of the South Pacific. pp. 131-145.

Tetiaraha, G. 1987 THE SOCIETY ISLANDS: Squeezing out the Polynesians. In R. Crocombe, (ed.), LandTenure in the Pacific. University of the South Pacific. pp. 45-59.

Trask, Haunani-Kay

1993 From A NATIVE DAUGHTER:Colonialism and Sovereignty in

Hawai'i. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press

Victor, J. 1995 France. In F.A. Mediansky, (ed.).

Watson-Gegeo, K.A. and D. W. Gegeo, 1989 The Role of Sibling Interaction in Child Socialization. In P. Zukow, (ed.)., Sibling Interaction Across Cultures:Theoretical and Methodological Issues. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Watson-Gegeo, K. A. and D.W. Gegeo 1986 The Social World of Kwara'ae Children: Acquisition of Language and Values. In J. Cook-Gumperz, W. Corsaro and J. Streeck, (eds.). Children'sWorlds and Children's Language. New York: Mouton de Gruyster. pp. 109-129.

White, G.M. et al. 1988 The Big Death:Solomon Islanders Remember World WarII. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific.

1991 IDENTITY THROUGH HISTORY:Living Stories in a Solomon IslandsSociety. New York: Cambridge University Press.

1992 The Discourse of Chiefs: Notes on a Melanesian Society. The Contemporary Pacific. Vol. 4, No. 11. East-West Center Reprints.

White, G.M. and M. Lindstrom (ed) 1997 ChiefsToday- Traditional Pacific Leadershipand the Postcolonial State. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press.