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HHB245 AUSTRALIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC
1 RATIONALE After the founding of permanent European settlement on the western shores of the Pacific in 1788, a sustained though tenuous relationship linked the Australian colonies and later the Commonwealth of Australia to the adjacent islands of the Southwest Pacific. Up to the 1830s the economic success of the colonies was so closely linked to the islands, historians to describe the economic links of that era, coined a phrase “Australia’s Pacific frontier”. In the latter part of the 19th century, regional and sub-regional strategic, imperial and colonial schemes and policies were voiced and acted upon. Australia’s South Sea Islander community of today is linked to this era through the descendants of “Kanakas” indentured in the sugar, pastoral and other tropical Australian industries. The 20th century relationship includes ideological, social, cultural and political concerns as well as aid, trade and commercial links. Immigration directly and through New Zealand has also created a Pacific Islander community of recent migrants in Australia. This unit is based on a critical study of the evolving relationship between Australia and the Pacific Islands and how historians have interpreted this relationship. This unit is part of a series on the histories and cultures of the Pacific Islands; HHB242 Culture Contact in the Pacific; HHB243 The Pacific since 1945; HHB245 Australia and the South Pacific; HHB248 The USA in the Asia-Pacific; HHB122 Colonialism and independence in the Asia-Pacific and HHB320 Independent Project (by Fieldwork in Samoa/Tonga). 2 AIM To develop an
understanding and critical appreciation of Australia's historical links with
the peoples, states and territories of the Pacific Islands region. 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of
the unit students will be able to; (i) describe and critically analyse bilateral,
multilateral and international links
between Australia and the Pacific Islands. (ii)
demonstrate
knowledge of the links between Australia and Pacific Islands (iii) argue in a structured, informed manner and apply historical
methodologies in their research and presentations 4 ASSESSMENT Assessment items offer an opportunity to present orally (in seminar format), write research papers and short answer questions on specific readings and complete a summative written examination (essay format). All assessment will be completed by April 28 2002 (week 8). All items must be submitted. All items are an individual assignment. Summary of
assessment tasks 1
Short
answers; Greg Fry, 1997, " Framing
the Islands ...." 10% Due 10
March (Week 2) 2 Short answers; Stephen
Henningham, 1995, “The limits of power
..." 10% Due 17
March (Week 3) 3 Class presentation, 10 minutes on
essay topic, 10% Due 24 March or 14 April (Week 4 or Week 6) 4 1500 word essay; based on chapter from Thompson
Australia and the Pacific …. 30%
Due 14 April (Week 6) 5 Examination; One compulsory
essay (from "Kanaka" lectures, Weeks 2 and 3) and two essays from the special lecture topics (Weeks
4 and 6) ), 40% Due
28 April 2002 (3 hours, Saturday, 9.00-12.00) 5 PRESCRIBED TEXTS (both available from the QUT
Bookshop)
6 RECENT SELECTED REFERENCES All items are on
LAC as well as the original source in the library, Carseldine. Collected
editions, Books and Journals listed below not held by the Library, may be
located in photocopy form in the LAC collection. For further references
consult; Quanchi M, 1984, Australia-Pacific
bibliography (held in Library CA) Quanchi M, 2000, Australia and the
Pacific Islands; a Bibliography 1984-1999, Carseldine, QUT (held in Library
CA) Moore CR, 1992, Pacific History
Journal bibliography, PMB, ANU, Canberra; Moore CR, 1992, New Guinea History; a
bibliography of journal articles on Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya, St
Lucia, University of Queensland Anderson D, ed, 1990, The PNG-Australia relationship; problems and prospects, Sydney,
Pacific Security Research Institute/Institute of Public Affairs Arthur WS, 2001, “Autonomy and identity in the
Torres Strait; a borderline case”, JPH, 36, 2, pp.215-24 Australia
and the South Pacific
(Joint Parliamentary Inquiry) Canberra, AGPS 1978 Australia's
relations with the South Pacific (Joint Parliamentary Inquiry) Canberra, AGPS 1989 Australia's
relations with the South Pacific, AIDAB submission to the Joint Parliamentary Inquiry, Canberra, AGPS
1987 Australia’s
South Sea Islanders; papers on the Call for recognition 1992 (bound, held in Carseldine Library) Australia
and the South Pacific; recent Ministerial releases, speeches, statements and
statistics 1994 (bound, held in Carseldine Library) Australian
South Sea Islander Community; Queensland Government Action Plan, 2001, Brisbane,
Queensland Government Babbage R, 1989, "Australian interests in the
South Pacific", in Albinski H, et.al., The
South Pacific; political, economic and
military trends, Washington, Brasseys Bandler F, 1979, Wacvie,
Rigby Bandler F and Fox L, 1980, Marani in Australia, Rigby Banks G and Ballard C, eds, 1997, The Ok Tedi
settlement; issues, outcomes and implications, Canberra NCDS Bennett J, 2000, “Across the Bougainville Strait;
commercial interests and colonial rivalry c1880-1960”, JPH, 35, 1,
pp.67-82 Bennett S and Quanchi M, 1994, "South Sea
Islanders in Australia; from kidnapping to a call for recognition" The History Teacher, Vol 32/4, pp.23-41 Berry M, 2001, Refined white, Innisfail,
Australian Sugar Industry Museum Boyd M, 1978, "Australia, New Zealand and the
Pacific" in Hayburn R, ed, Australia
and New Zealand Relations, Dunedin, University of Otago Press Buckley K and Klugman K, 1983, The Australian presence in the Pacific; Burns Philp 1914-1946,
Sydney, Allen and Unwin Buckley K and Klugman K, 1986, South Pacific Focus; Burns Philp’s trading viewed through photographs
early this century, Sydney, Allen and Unwin Bulbeck C, 1992, Australian
women in Papua New Guinea, Melbourne, CUP Burmester H, 1983, "Outposts of Australia in
the Pacific Ocean", Australian
Journal of Politics and History, Vol 29, pp.14-25 Cahill P, 1997, "A prodigy of wastefulness,
corruption, ignorance and indolence; the Expropriation Board in New Guinea
1920-1927", JPH, Vol 32, 1,
pp.2-28 Campbell IC, 1998, “Anthropology and the
professionalism of colonial administration in Papua and New Guinea”, JPH,
33, 1, pp.69-90 Campbell IC, 2000, “The ASOPA controversy; a pivot
of Australian policy for Papua and New Guinea 1945-49”, JPH, 25,1, 83-99 Chinnery S, 1998, Malaguna Road; the Papua and New Guinea Diaries of Sarah Chinnery, Canberra, National Library of Australia Cleland R, 1999, “Across the decades” in Carrying
the banner, Nedlands, UWA, pp.45-55 Colquhoun AR, 1902, The mastery of the Pacific,
New York, Macmillan Connell J, 1987, “Trouble in paradise; the
perception of New Caledonia in the Australian Press”, Australian Geographical Studies, Vol 25, 2, pp.54-65 Crocombe R, 2001, The South Pacific, Suva,
IPS Dalton J, 1993, “The South Pacific in the post-Cold
war world; old friends or new allies and alliances ?” Unpublished paper,
Military History Conference, Ontario, Canada. Denoon D, ed, 1997, Emerging from empire;
decolonisation in the Pacific, Canberra ANU Denoon D, Mein-Smith P and Wyndham M, 2000, A
history of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, London, Blackwell Denoon D, 2000, Getting under the skin; the
Bougainville Copper Agreement and the creation of the Panguna mine,
Melbourne, MUP Dibb P, 1989, "One strategic entity; An
Australian defence perspective on the South Pacific", in Hegarty D and
Polomka P, eds, The security of Oceania
in the 1990s, Canberra,
ANU, pp.66-70 Dixon R, 1996, “Playing Tarzan; Australian photography and travel writing about Melanesia 1920-1945”, Australian Journal of Art, 13, 133-42 Dixon R, 2001, Prosthetic Gods; travel,
representation and colonial governance, St Lucia, UQP (see Chp 3 (on Frank
Hurley), 5 (on Frank Clune) and 6 (on James McAuley) Doran S, 2001, “Toeing the line; Australia’s abandonment
of traditional West New Guinea policy”, JPH, 36, 1, pp.5-18 Douglas N, 1996, "The allocentrics", Chp 2
in They came for savages; 100 years of
tourism in Melanesia, Lismore, Southern Cross University Press Dorney S, 1995, "Reporting from Port Moresby",
Lal BV and Nelson H, eds, Lines across
the sea; colonial inheritance in the post-colonial Pacific, Brisbane, PHA,
pp225-29 Downs I, 1980, The
Australian Trusteeship; Papua New Guinea 1945-75, Canberra, AGPS Edmund M, 1992, No
regrets, Brisbane, UQP Eggleston FW, 1928, The Australian mandate in New
Guinea, Melbourne, Victorian Branch of the League of Nations Union Evans G, 1989, “Australia in the South Pacific”, World Review, Vol 28/2 Evans G and Brant B, 1991, Australia's foreign relations in the world of the 1980's,
Melbourne, OUP ("The South Pacific", pp.161-80) Evans R, Moore C, Saunders K and B Jamison, eds,
1997, 1901 Our Future's past; documenting
Australia's federation, Sydney, Macmillan, (See pp.211-29) Fatnowna N, 1988, Fragments of a lost heritage, Sydney, Angus and Robertson Fife W, 1998, “Education and society in PNG; towards
social inequality 1870-1945”, Man and Culture in Oceania, 14, 61-79 Fife W, 1996, “Education and society in PNG; towards
independence 1945-1975”, Man and Culture in Oceania, 14, 61-79 Fletcher CB, 1917,The new Pacific; British policy
and German aims, London Fry G, 1981, "Regionalism and international
politics of the South Pacific", Pacific
Affairs, Vol 54, 3, pp.458-60 and 476-84 Fry G, 1982, "Melanesian and South Pacific regional
politics", in May R and Nelson H, eds, Melanesia
beyond diversity, Canberra, RSPacS, ANU, pp.651-73 Fry G, 1983, A
nuclear free zone for the Southwest Pacific; prospects and significance, Working Paper No 75, Canberra, SDSC, ANU Fry G, 1987, "Regional arms control in the
South Pacific" in Ball D and Mack A, eds, The future of arms control, Canberra, ANU pp.137-56 Fry G, 1991a, ed, Australia's regional security, Sydney, Allen and Unwin Fry G, 1991b,
"Constructive commitment with the South pacific; Munroe doctrine or
new partnership" in, Australia's
regional security, Sydney, Allen and Unwin Fry G, 1991c,
"The region in review", The
Contemporary Pacific, Vol 3/2,
pp.384-8 Fry G, 1991d, Australia's
South Pacific policy; from strategic denial to constructive commitment,
Working Paper No 8, Canberra, RSPacS, ANU Fry G, 1992a, "Australia and the South
Pacific" in Boyce RJ and Angel JR, eds, Diplomacy in the marketplace; Australia in world affairs 1981-90 Fry G, 1992b, "The region in review; international
issues and events 1991", The
Contemporary Pacific, Vol 4/2, pp.379-86 Fry G, 1992c, Peace
keeping in the South Pacific; some questions and prior considerations, Dept
of International relations, Canberra ANU Fry G, 1993a,
"The region in review; international issues and events 1992", The
Contemporary Pacific, Vol 5/2,
pp.390-402 Fry G, 1993b, "At the margin;
the South Pacific and the changing world order", in Richardson
JL and Leaver R, eds, The
post-cold war order; diagnoses and prognoses, Sydney,
Allen and Unwin Fry G, 1994, "Climbing back on the map? The
South Pacific Forum and the new development orthodoxy”, Journal of Pacific History, Vol 29,3, pp.64-72 Fry G, 1996, Framing
the Islands; knowledge and power in changing Australian images of the South
Pacific, Canberra, Working Paper, Dept of International Relations ANU Fry G, 1997a, "The South Pacific experiment;
reflections on the origins of regional identity", Journal of Pacific History, Vol 32, 2, pp.180-202 Fry G, 1997b, "Australia and the South Pacific;
the rationalist ascendency" in Cotton J and Ravenhill J, eds, Seeking Asian engagement; Australia in world
affairs 1991-95, Melbourne, OUP,
p.291-308 (note; Australia in world
affairs is published each five years, various authors) Fry G, 1997c, "Framing the Islands; knowledge
and power in changing Australian images of the South Pacific", The Contemporary Pacific, Vol 9, 2,
305-344 Gammage B, 1999, The sky travellers; journeys in
New Guinea 1938-1939, Melbourne, MUP Gammage B, 1996, “Police and power in the pre-war
PNG Highlands”, JPH, 31, 2, 62-77 Gistitin C, 1995, Quite a colony; South Sea Islanders in central Queensland 1867-1993,
AEBIS Publishing Golski K, 1998, Watched by ancestors; an
Australian family in PNG, Sydney, Hodder Headline Australia Gray G, 1996, “The next focus of power to fall under
the spell of this little gang; anthropology and Australia’s post war policy in
PNG, War and Society, 14, 2, 101-17 Gray G, 2000, “Managing the impact of war;
Australian anthropology and the Southwest Pacific” in McLeod R, ed, Science
and the Pacific war; science and survival in the Pacific 1939-1945,
Dordrecht, Kluwer, 187-210 Grubb F, 2001, “Social science versus social
rhetoric; methodology and the Pacific Island Labour trade to Queensland,
Australia”, Historical Methods, Vol 34, No 1, pp.5-36 Hainsworth DR, 1965, “The search for a staple; the
Sydney sandalwood trade 1804-1809”, Business
Archives and History, Vol 4/1 Hainsworth DR, 1968, Builders and adventurers, Melbourne, Cassells Hainsworth DR, 1971, The Sydney traders, Cassell, Australia Hamel-Green, 1991, “Regional arms control in the
South Pacific; Island state responses to Australia’s nuclear free zone
initiative”, The Contemporary Pacific,
Vol 3/1 Hardy J and Frost A, eds, 1990, European voyaging towards Australia Canberra, Highland Press/AAH Hardy J and Frost A, eds, 1989, Studies from Terra Australis to Australia, Canberra, Highland
Press/AAH Hasluck P, 1976, A
time for building; Australian administration in Papua and New Guinea 1951-1963,
Melbourne, MUP Hayward P, 1998, Music at the borders; Not
Drowning Waving and their engagement with Papua New Guinea culture (1986-96),
Sydney, John Libby Healy A, 1987, "Monocultural administration in
a multicultural environment; the Australians in Papua New Guinea", in Eddy
JJ and Nethercote JJ, eds, From colony to
coloniser; studies in Australian
administrative history, Sydney,
Hale and Ironmonger, pp.207-24 Healy AM, 1997, “Colonial law as metropolitan
defence; the curious case of Australia in New Guinea”, in Hiery H and MacKenzie
JM, eds, European impact and Pacific influence; British and German policy in
the Pacific Islands and the indigenous response, London, Tauris Academic
Studies, pp.214-30 Henderson W, 1977, West New Guinea; the dispute and its settlement, South Orange NJ,
Seton hall University Press Henningham S, 1995, “The limits on power; Australia
and New Zealand and the region” in his The
Pacific Island States; security and sovereignty in the post-cold war world, London, Macmillan, pp.114-136 Henningham S, 1992, "Australia and the South
Pacific" in Mediansky FA, ed, Australia
in a changing world, Sydney, Macmillan Herr RA, “Australia and the southwest Pacific” in
Boyce P and Angel J (eds) Independence
and alliance; Australia in World affairs 1976-1980, Allen and Unwin 1983 Hill H, 1984, “Superpower of the Pacific; Australia
and its island neighbours” in Eastwood J, et.al., (eds), Labour essays, Melbourne Hopkins J, 1995, “The place of foreign Pacific
Islanders in Torres Strait and Papua 1863-1878”, Journal of the RHSQ,
Vol 15, No 12, pp.571-78 Hudson WJ, 1978, Billy Hughes in Paris; the birth
of Australian democracy, Melbourne, MUP Hyndman D, 2001, “Academic responsibilities and
representation of the Ok Tedi crisis in postcolonial Papua New Guinea”, TCP,
13, 1, pp.33-54 Inglis A, 1997, re-reading the White Women’s
Protection ordinance”, in Hiery H and MacKenzie JM, eds, European impact and
Pacific influence; British and German policy in the Pacific Islands and the
indigenous response, London, Tauris Academic Studies, pp.324-37 Jackson RT, 1988, “The Australian colonial
experience in Papua New Guinea” in
Heathcote RL (ed) The
Australian experience, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire Jupp J (ed), 1988, The Australian people, Sydney, Angus and Robertson, (pp.722-7 on
"Kanakas") Keays S, 1996, “A case for Carpentaria; Queensland
and the eastern New Guinea colonies to 1900”, Journal of the RHSQ, 16,
1, pp.1-13 Kelly D, 1993, Canoes of the dead, St Lucia,
UQP (a novel) Kituai A, 1998, My gun my brother; the world of
PNG colonial police 1920-1960, Honolulu, UH Press Knapman B, 1986, “Merchant capital in the extreme
periphery; Burns Philp (South Sea Coy Ltd) in Fiji 1920-1939”, Historical Studies, Vol 22, No 86,
pp.93-115 Knapman C, 1993, “Reproducing empire; exploring
ideologies of gender and race on Australia’s Pacific frontier” in S Margarey,
et.al., Debutante nation; feminism contests the 1890s, Sydney, Allen and
Unwin Lal BV and Fortune K, eds, The Pacific Islands;
an encyclopedia, Honolulu, UH Press (and on CDRom) Latukefu S, 1992, Papua New Guinea; a century of colonial impact, Port Moresby, UPNG
Press Lewis D, 1996, The
plantation dream; developing British New Guinea and Papua 1884-1942, Canberra, ANU Lini W, 1982,
“Australia and the south Pacific; a Vanuatu perspective”, Australian Outlook , Vol 36/2 Longhurst R and Grano SA, eds, 2001, Embarquement
pour le Queensland; Des Loyaltiens en terre australienne, (Across the Coral
Sea; Loyalty Islanders in Australia), Noumea, Australian Consulate (catalogue
for an exhibition) Macdonald B, 1988, In pursuit of the sacred trust; Trusteeship and independence in Nauru,
Wellington, NZIIA Macintosh J, nd, Worlds
apart; Tonga/Australia, Springwood NSW, Butterfly Books MacWilliam S, 1977, "Australian
companies and the challenge of decolonisation"
Burns Philp" in Denoon D, ed, Emerging
from empire; decolonisation in the Pacific, Canberra,
RSPacS, ANU, pp.134-39 Maude H, 1967, “The Tahitian pork trade 1800-1830”
in Maude HE, Of islands and men, Melbourne, OUP May R, 1977, "Nugget, Pike and the boys in
Papua New Guinea" in Denoon D, ed, Emerging
from empire; decolonisation in the Pacific, Canberra, RSPacS, ANU,
pp.118-33 McCosker A, 1998, Masked eden; a history of
Australians in New Guinea, Maleny, Matala Press Meanjin
(special Papua New Guinea issue), Vol 34/3,
1975 Meanjin
(special Pacific issue) Vol 53/4, 1994 Mercer P, White
Australia defied; Pacific Islander settlement in North Queensland, Townsville, James Cook University 1995 Merchant S, 1989, "Australia's defence
cooperation program and regional security" in Hegarty DW and Polomka P,
eds, The security of Oceania in the 1990s,
Canberra ANU pp.71-8 Moore CR, 1985, Kanaka;
a history of Melanesian Mackay, Port Moresby, IPNGS/UPNG Press Moore CR, 1990, “Revising the revisionists; the
historiography of immigrant Melanesians in Australia 1847-1990”, Pacific
Studies, Vol 15, 2, 61-86 Moore CR, 1993, “The counterculture of survival;
Melanesians in the Mackay district of Queensland 1865-1906” in Lal BV, Munro D
and Beechert ED (eds) Plantation workers,
Honolulu, UH Press Moore CR, 1993, “Australia’s Pacific Islanders
1906-1991” in Reynolds H (ed) Race
relations in north Queensland, 2nd Edition Moore CR, 1977, "Decolonising the history of
Australia's South Sea Islanders", in Denoon D, ed, Emerging from empire; decolonisation in the Pacific, Canberra,
RSPacS, ANU, pp.194-203 Moore CR, ed, 1998, A Papua New Guinea Political Chronicle 1967-1991, Bathurst,
Crawford Moore CR, 1999, “Goodbye Queensland, Goodbye White
Australia, Goodbye Christians; Australia’s South Sea Islander community and
deportation 1901-1908”, The New Federalist, Vol 4, pp.22-29 Moore CR, 2000, “Refocussing indigenous trade and
power; the dynamics of early foreign contact and trade in Torres Strait, Cape
York and Southeast New Guinea in the Nineteenth century”, Journal of the
RHSQ, Vol 18, No 7, pp.289-302 Moore CR, 2001, “The South Sea Islanders of Mackay,
Queensland, Australia” in Fitzpatrick J, ed, Endangered peoples of Oceania,
Westport, Greenwood Press, pp.167-81 Moore CR, Quanchi M and Bennett S, 1997, Australian South Sea Islanders; a
curriculum resource for secondary schools, Brisbane, AusAID/Queensland
Government Munro D, 1995, “The labour trade in Melanesians to
Queensland; a historiographic essay” in Journal
of Social History, Vol 28 No 3 Munro D, 1994/5, “The Queensland labour trade”, Journal
of Pacific Studies 18, pp.105-36 (this special issue contains several
essays on the Queensland Labour Trade) Nelson H, 1977, Black
white and gold; gold mining in Papua New Guinea 1878-1930, Canberra, ANU Press Nelson, H, 1989,
“Masters in the tropics” in Gammage B and Spearritt P, (eds), Australians 1938, Fairfax, Syme and
Weldon Nelson H, 1996, The war diaries of Eddie Allan
Stanton, Papua, 1942-45, Sydney, Allen and Unwin Nelson H, 1995, "From ANZAC Day to Remembrance
Day; remnants of Australian rule in Papua New Guinea", Lal BV and Nelson
H, eds, Lines across the sea; colonial
inheritance in the post-colonial Pacific, Brisbane, PHA, pp.25-36 Nelson H, 1998, “From frontier to territory; colony
and nation; Australia and New Guinea” in Elizalde D, ed, Les relaciones
internacionales en el Pacifico (siglos XVIII-XX) colonizacion, descolonizacion
y encuentro cultural, Madrid, CSdeIC, pp.671-94 Nelson H, 2000, “Gallipoli, Kokoda and the making of
national identity”, in Nile R, ed, The Australian legend and its
discontents, St Lucia, UQP, 200-217 Nelson H, 2001, “Isla del oro; seeking New Guinea
gold” in McCalman I, Cook A and Reeves A, eds, Gold; forgotten histories and
lost objects of Australia, Cambridge, CUP, 189-206 Nelson H, 2000, “Liberation; the end of Australian
rule in PNG”, JPH, 35, 3, 269-80 Newbury C, 1988, “Spoils of war; sub-imperial
collaboration in South West Africa and New Guinea 1914-20”, Journal of
Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol 16, pp.86-106 Ogan, E, 1996, “Copra came before copper; the Nasioi
of Bougainville and plantation colonialism 1902-1964, PS, 19,1, pp.31-51 Overlack P, 1998, "Bless the Queen and curse
the colonial office; Australasian reaction to German consolidation in the
Pacific 1871-99", JPH, Vol 33,
2, pp.133-52 Overlack P, 1992, “Australian defence awareness and
German naval planning in the Pacific 1900-1914”, War and Society, Vol 10, 1, pp.37-51 Parker RS, 1995, "Appraising the colonial
record; Australia in Papua New Guinea", Lal BV and Nelson H, eds, Lines across the sea; colonial inheritance
in the post-colonial Pacific, Brisbane, PHA, pp.9-24 Peacock A, 1995, "Ministerial
memoir; Papua New Guinea's transition to
independence" Lal BV and Nelson H, eds, Lines
across the sea; colonial inheritance in the post-colonial
Pacific, Brisbane, PHA, pp.1-8 Piper J, 1990, “Don’t sit under the coconut tree
with anyone else but me!, Australian policy towards the South Pacific”, in Australian Journal of International Affairs,
Vol 44/2 Piper J and Urwin G, 2001, “Australian policy
towards Papua and New Guinea and the South Pacific; critique and response”,
unpublished paper, Canberra, ANU Pollock NJ, 1992, “The mining of Nauru and its aftermath;
political implications of rehabilitation” in Rubinstein D, (ed), Pacific history; Papers of the 8th PHA
Conference, Guam, PHA Pollock N, 1995, "Nauru's post-independence
struggles" Lal BV and Nelson H, eds, Lines
across the sea; colonial inheritance
in the post-colonial Pacific, Brisbane,
PHA, pp49-56 Pollock J, 1977, "Nauru; decolonising,
recolonising - but never a colony", in Denoon D, ed, Emerging from empire; decolonisation in the Pacific, Canberra,
RSPacS, ANU, pp.102-5 Poulgrain G, 1999, “Delaying the discovery of oil in
West New Guinea’, JPH, Vol 34, 2,
pp.205-18 Pouwer J, 1999, “The colonisation, decolonisation
and recolonisation of West New Guinea”, JPH, 24, 2, pp.157-79 Protocols Guide; Drumming the story; its our business,
2001, Mackay, Mackay and District Australian South Sea Islander Association. Quanchi M, 1994, “A trip through the islands in
1918”, Meanjin, Vol 53, No 4,
pp.714-22 Quanchi M, 1997, “Thomas McMahon; photography as
propaganda in the Pacific", History
of Photography, Vol 27/ 1, pp.42-53 Quanchi M, 1998,
"Lobbying, ethnicity and marginal voices; the Australian South Sea
Islanders call for recognition", The
History Teacher, Vol 36, 1, pp.31-41 Quanchi M, 1998, "Australia's South Sea
Islanders; a call for recognition", Journal
of the Pacific Society, Vol 21, 3-4, pp.3-19 Quanchi M, 1997, ed, Imaging, representation and
photography of the Pacific Islands, (special issue of PS, 20,4),
Laie, BYU Quanchi M, 1997, “The invisibility of Gospel
ploughmen; the imaging of South Sea pastors in Papua”, Pacific Studies,
20, 4, 77-101 Quanchi M and Shekleton M, 2001, “Disorderly
categories in picture postcards from colonial Papua and New Guinea”, History
of Photography, 25, 4, 1-19 Reed L, 1998, “Part of our own story;
representations of indigenous Australians and Papua New Guineans within Australia
remembers 1945-1995 – the continuing desire for a homogenous national
identity”, Oceania, 69, 3, pp.156-73 Reid R, 1997, “The Simpson of the Kokoda Track;
Major Albert Moore, Salvation Army”, Wartime, 1, 26-9 Roberts J, 1997, Voices
from a lost world; Australian women and children in Papua New Guinea before the
Japanese invasion, Sydney, Millenium Rosenwarne S, 1988,
"Ruling the region" in Lee J & Burgmann V (eds.) A most valuable acquisition ; A people's history of Australia since 1788, Ringwood, Penguin Samson J, 1998, Imperial
benevolence; Making British authority in the Pacific Islands, Honolulu, UH
Press Scarr D, 1964, "John Bates Thurston, Commodore
JG Goodenough and rampant Anglo-Saxons in Fiji", Historical Studies, 11, 43, Schug DM, 1997, “The politics of Papuan labour in
the Torres Strait marine industry”, Journal of the Royal Australian
Historical Society, 83, 1, 59-70 Social
Alternatives, (special
issue on Australia and the South Pacific), Vol 8/2, 1989 Steven M, 1983, Trade
tactics and territory; Britain in the Pacific 1783-1823, Melbourne,
Melbourne University Press Stevens D, ed, 1998, Maritime power in the
Twentieth century; the Australian experience, Sydney, Allen and Unwin Shearston T, 1986, White lies, St Lucia, UQP,
(a novel) Shineberg D, 1967, They came for sandalwood, Melbourne, MUP Shnukal A, 2001, “The interwar Pacific Islander
community of Port Lihou, Torres Starit”, Journal of the RHSQ, 17,10,
433-60 Thompson R, 1980, Australian imperialism in the Pacific Melbourne, MUP Thompson R, 1981, "Natives and settlers on the
New Hebrides frontier 1870-1900", Pacific
Studies, Vol 5,1, pp.1-18 Thompson R, 1992,
“Edge of empire; Australian colonization in Nauru”, in Rubinstein D,
(ed) Pacific history; Papers of the 8th
PHA Conference, Guam, PHA Thompson R, 1995, “Messy entanglements in British
and Australian decolonization in the Pacific 1960-63” in Talu A and Quanchi M
(eds) Messy entanglements, Brisbane,
PHA Thompson, R, 1998, Australia and the Pacific Islands in the 20th Century, Melbourne,
Australian Scholarly Publishers Tomaras EJ 1993, “Australia and Japan in the Pacific
Islands; partners or rivals?”, unpublished paper, PIPSA Conference, Rarotonga,
Cook Islands Uhlmann M, 1992, "Australia, Vanuatu and the
British connection" IPA Review, Vol
45, 4, pp.48-50 Ward RG, 1978, “Australia in the Pacific Islands” in
Jeans DN (ed), Australia; a geography,
Sydney University Press Ward RG, 1989, "Earth's empty quarter? The Pacific
Islands in a Pacific Century", Geographical Journal, Vol 155, 2, 235-46 Watson JB, 1991, "Australians living plantation
lives, South West Pacific 1900-1975" Journal
of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol 77, 1 Wesley-Smith T, 1994, "Australia and New
Zealand" in Howe K, Kiste RC and Lal BV, eds, Tides of History; the Pacific Islands in the Twentieth century,
Sydney, Allen and Unwin, pp.195-226 Wetherell D, 1998, “The Anglicans in New Guinea and
the Torres Strait Islands”, PS, 21, 4, pp.1-32 Wetherell D, 1998, “First contact mission narratives
from eastern Papua New Guinea”, JPH, 33,1, pp.111-16 Williams M and Macdonald B, 1985,The phosphateers, Melbourne, MUP Yagl-Ambu, Vol 11, 3, 1984, Special issue on the
1984 Jackson Report (on Australia’s Overseas Aid Program) Young JMR, 1968, Australia's
Pacific Frontier, Sydney, Cassells Young JMR, 1984, Adventurous
spirits; Australian immigrant society in pre-cession Fiji, Brisbane, UQP 7 1500 WORD ESSAY AND CLASS PRESENTATION Choose one
chapter from Roger Thompson’s Australia
and the Pacific Islands in the 20th century and write a 1500
word essay on the theme of that chapter. What assertions does Roger Thompson
make in regard to Australian-Pacific Island relations in the period covered by
the chapter? What evidence is offered to support these claims? What is left
out? What is emphasised? (30%, due 14 April 2002.) The themes are; Chp 1 Australia’s interests …. 1900-1914 Chp 2 The Australian Territory of New Guinea 1914-39 Chp 3 Australia, Papua and the wider Pacific 1914-39 Chp 4 Australia, War and the post-war Pacific 1939-49 Chp 5 Australia and the Pacific … 1950-60 Chp 6 Independence for PNG 1961-75 Chp 7 Australia and wider decolonisation …. 1961-1980 Chp 8 Australia and the Pacific since 1980 Students will
also present a progress report and summary of their initial opinions (worth
10%) in Weeks 4 and 6. (This will done individually, or in pairs
depending on the size of the class) The class
presentation should cover (10 minutes) i identify
the period, location and other wider historical contexts ii identify
the specific sub-theme, topic or subject iii List
assertions (on OHP) iv
Main conclusions (read the concluding paragraph of
your essay, on OHP, say 150 words) The essay should
cover the following; (1500 words) i. The
topic and its position in the wider chronology of the history of the Pacific and the history of Australia-Pacific
relationships ii The
author's main assertions iii The
evidence the author provides to support the assertions iv Supporting
or contrary historical interpretations on the topic v
The author's contribution to historiographic debates
on Australian- Pacific relationships vi Appropriate
footnoting, references and bibliography (Note; The essay
should follow QUT conventions of footnoting, references and bibliography, faced by the standard Assignment
Cover Sheet) 9 SCHEDULE AND DAILY PROGRAM SUMMARY All sessions 0900-1400 unless noted Thu 28 Feb Overview, Introductory activities,
Assessment guidelines (9.00-12.00) Sat 10 Mar "Kanaka-ASSI
histories" overview ; Discuss Fry
article. Sat 17 Mar "Kanaka-ASSI
histories" continued ; Discuss
Henningham article Sat 24 Mar Special
topics 1 and 2; Student presentations
(part A) Sat 31 Mar Easter
Sunday Sat 07 Apr University vacation Sat 14 Apr Special
topics 3 and 4; Student presentations (part B) Sat 28 Apr Examination 10 FULL PROGRAM AND STUDENT TASKS __________________________________________________________ Thu 28 Feb Introductory
activities; 0900-1200hrs 09.00 - 09.30 Program, assessment, text books,
access, tasks 09.30 - 10.30 Film; "Colonists for a day" 10.45 - 11.30 Discussion on
World-Australian-Pacific connections 11.30 - 12.00 Essay and presentation guidelines Independent tasks between before 10th
March 1. Complete
questions on Fry and bring to class on 10 March 2 Select
chapter from Thompson’s book for essay 3 Select three to five other readings on
the topic and general background from
bibliography on this period, -
copy, read and make notes. Sat 10 March 0900-1400hrs 09.00 - 09.50 The histories of Kanaka-ASSI peoples
in Australia 10.00 - 10.50 Three historical periods; 1863-1900,
1900-1906, 1974-1994 11.00 - 11.50 Film as fact/fiction/history? "Black cargoes" 12.30 - 2.00 Class Discussion on Fry questions Independent tasks before 17th March 1. Read " Key events in Australian
South Sea Islander History", from
Moore, Quanchi and Bennett, “Australian South Sea Islanders”, pp.11-14,
(in Readings) 2. Read
"Pacific Islanders" from Jupp, J, ed, The Australian people; an
encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins, pp.722-27 (in Readings) 3. Answer
Henningham questions and bring to class on 17 March. 4.
Read questions on
"Sugar Slaves"
documentary in preparation
for class discussion. 5. Continue to read on essay period. Sat 17 March
0900-1400hrs 09.00 - 09.50 Film as fact/fiction/history; part 2
"Sugar slaves" 10.00 - 10.50 The historiography of indenture and
agency (discussion based on "Sugar Slaves"
questions) 11.00 - 11.50 Class Discussion on Henningham
questions 12.30 - 2.00 Student reports on essay topics;
Part A (Thompson Chps 1-4) Independent tasks before Week 5 i. Continue
reading on essay topic ii Complete
final Draft of essay iii Prepare draft of
your report to class (if doing Chps 1-4) iv. Start reading (say two to three articles/chapters on
special lecture topics) Sat 24 March 0900-1400hrs 09.00 - 09.50 Special topics No 1; Australia and
Nauru 10.00 - 10.50 Special topics No 2; Australia and
New Hebrides/Vanuatu 11.00 - 11.50 Student presentations 12.30 - 2.00 Student presentations Independent tasks before 14th April i. Complete
final Draft of essay ii Prepare draft of
your report to class (if doing Chps 4-8) iii Read
at least one additional reference
each for Special topics 1, 2, 3
and 4. Sat 31 Mar Easter SundaySat 07 Apr
University vacation Sat 14 April 0900-1400hrs 09.00 - 09.50 Special topics No 3; Australia and
PNG 10.00 - 10.50 Special topics No 4; Australia and a
Nuclear Free South Pacific Zone 11.00 - 11.50 Student presentations 12.30 -2.00 Student presentations Independent tasks before Examination ) i Read at least one additional reference each on
special topics 1, 2 3 and 4 ii Revise
notes on "Kanaka-ASSI" topics (for compulsory question) Sat 28 April 0900-1215hrs 09.00 - 09.15 Reading Time 09.15 - 12.15 Examination END HHB245
Australia and the Pacific Islands Questions based on Fry G, 1997, "Framing the Islands; knowledge
and power in changing Australian images of the South Pacific", The Contemporary Pacific, Vol 9, 2, 305-44 1 Who created the "falling off the
map" scenario ? 2 What are the three frames that
Australians use to determine policies towards and for the Pacific? 3 Proponents of
"doomsdayism" say it is liberating - how does it liberate Pacific
islanders? 4 Opponents of "doomsdayism"
say it is subordinating - how does it belittle Pacific Islanders ? 5 On what "unacknowledged
epistemological premises" does Said base his discussion of cultural
imperialism? 6 Can there be, is there, a "true
Pacific" (in Edward Said’s context of a "true Orient"?) 7 What are Fry's four premises - and for
each premise what key question does he ask concerning Australian policy? 8 What four solutions to the Doomsday
future were offered by Callick? 9 What were the three key
"constitutive" Doomsday images of the region in Callick's scenario? 10 List two errors identified by Fry in
conceptualisations of the Pacific Islands as a "region". 11 Why is it wrong to argue that
"paradise" is an "actual recent past state"? 12 Fry argues that "doomsdayism"
is a continuation of the imaging of the cold-war era - give an example. 13 Why is it important that we acknowledge
that the "framers" exclude their own history/experience from the
frame. 14 List two errors of
"knowledge" identified by Fry that undermine the
"doomsdayism" assertions. END Questions based on; Henningham S, 1995, "The limits of power; Australia
and New Zealand and the region",
in The Pacific Island States;
security and sovereignty in the post-cold war World, London, Macmillan, pp.114-36 1 On pp.114-15 Henninghan ranges across
a number of views - list three of the different opinions he cites on
Australia's role in the region 1970-1994. 2 Henningham claims that links between
Australia and the region are "extensive and close" - list three
links. 3 Henningham challenges the
"great power" view - does his overview on the 19th and 20th C (on pp.116-18) demonstrate that Australia is , or is not, a
"great power" in the region ? 4 Henningham claims that compared to
Australia, New Zealand has a reduced sense of vulnerability - what evidence did
he offer of "vulnerability" influencing Australia policy and actions
in the region? 5 What are the international limits on
Australia's policies and actions in the region? 6 What are the regional limits on
Australia's policies and actions in the region? 7 What are the domestic limits on
Australia's policies and actions in the region? 8 Are the Pacific Islands
"inescapably relevant" to Australian strategic and security
interests? 9 Henningham claims Australia does not
want to play a "dominant role" in the region - what evidence does he cite to support this
claim ? 10 What is the CER? 11 How did the cold war affect Australian
policy towards the region? 12 Henningham refers to the Fiji coup
to demonstrate the limits on Australia's power and influence - how did it
demonstrate the exercise of limits and restraints? 13 Henningham refers to the
Bougainville crisis in PNG to demonstrate the limits on Australia's power and
influence - how did it demonstrate the exercise of limits and restraints? 14 Henningham refers to the Pearson
incident in Vanuatu to demonstrate the limits on Australia's power and
influence - how did it demonstrate the exercise of limits and restraints? 15 Henningham refers to environmental
damage claims from phosphate mining in Nauru to demonstrate the limits on
Australia's power and influence - how did it demonstrate the exercise of limits
and restraints? END HHB245
Australia and the Pacific Islands Sugar Slaves; the secret history of Australia's
slave trade, Film Australia, 1995 Questions 1 The view that Islanders were
"enticed or kidnapped by force" runs throughout the documentary - are
other interpretations acknowledged? 2 What aspects of ni-Vanuatu culture are
highlighted when the Leo family visit Pentacost Island, Vanuatu? 3 The film suggests that ni-Vanuatu, such
as Grace Molissa, believe that "the ships stole our people". This supports the Australian Islanders
kidnapping version. How do you explain this ni-Vanuatu interpretation? 4 "Few white Australians understand
that the Queensland sugar industry was based effectively on slave labour";
what evidence is presented to support the assertion that indenture was a
"slave trade" ? 5 What does the film highlight about the
passing of the 1868 and 1872 Acts? 6 Monica Leo's relative in Vanuatu asks,
"why did the white people take him away?" Why are white people blamed for his leaving the village ? 7 A claim is made in Vanuatu that there
was a "total annihilation of my people" and that this was a
"story told all over the Islands of Vanuatu". What evidence is offered to support this
assertion? 8 It is claimed by the narrator that
after the deportation era, Islanders were "segregated from the European
settlers" - segregated how, by whom? 9 Clive Moore is the main revisionist
asserting that Islanders were agents in their own indenture. How are his views
and his testimony used in the film? 10 It is asserted that at the turn of the
century, Islanders become unnecessary and the target of Anglo-Celtic animosity
- why? 11 How is the involvement of Trade Unions
depicted? 12 What strategies of "cultural
maintenance" did Islanders apply in the post deportation era? 13 The 1994 package in response to the
"Call for recognition" is mentioned - no reason for the sudden turn
around in fortunes is offered - why not? 14 Why is the Rockhampton cemetery scene
included in the film? 15 What does Des Egglomese want ? END PART 1 SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS IN AUSTRALIA 1863-1997 ASSERTIONS 1863-1903
The Islanders voluntary enlistment for
indenture in Queensland was determined by kastom and cultural factors
specific to their place of origins EVIDENCE ??? 1901-1910
The lobbying and organization by
"Kanakas", with partial success, to protect their rights as workers,
and citizens was an amazing achievement in the Australian economic, social and political context of
the 1900s. EVIDENCE
??? 1970s-1990s The successful lobbying and campaigning by
Australian South Sea Islanders to gain recognition as a disadvantaged immigrant
community was as much the result of changes within Australia as efforts by the imagined community. EVIDENCE ??? PART 2 ISLANDERS ABROAD - THE PACIFIC LABOUR
RESERVE 1862-3 1407
Rapanui to Peru 1862-3 743
Cook Islanders to Peru 1863 312
Gilbertese to Peru 1863 445
Tuvaluans to Peru 1863-1903 63000 contracts signed in Qld 1864-1885 2444 PIs in Hawaii 1867-1922 c13000 Vanuatuans in New Caledonia 1867-1894 c2500 Micronesians in Samoa 1868-1895 2398 Gilbertese in Fiji 1870-1911 8228 Solomon Is in Fiji 1877-1886 210 Gilbertese in Samoa 1878-1913 c10000 New Guineans in Samoa Contracts signed 9400 Gilberts
1860-1900 26460 Fiji 1893-1913 5746 Samoa 1885-1913 37871 New Hebrides 1908-41 54110 Solomon Islanders 1913-1940 212546 Papua 1909-50 309499 New Guinea 1920-1950 Pacific Islanders in New Zealand 1971-86
45000 Niueans, Cook Islanders, Tokelauans, Tongans, Samoans and
Fijians 1996
(est) 202236 (increase of 55% between
1984-1996) Paciufic Islanders in USA, Australia
(200000?), Canada ????? It is estimated that in the 19th
C, 2 million Islanders worked away from home as indentured labourers, pilots,
ships crew on whalers, sealers and trading ships, temporarily on pearling,
beche-de-mer and sandalwood stations, and pearlers in the Torres Straits. This
“overseas workforce” with permanent emigration (to form a disapora) has been maintained in the 20thC diaspora. HHB245
Australia and the Pacific Islands Analysing an author's assertions - a model. What assertions does Rowan Callick make in regard to the future of Pacific Island States and how does he support these claims (in "A doomsday scenario ?" in Rodney Cole, ed, 1993, Pacific 2010; Challenging the future, Canberra, NCDS. pp.1-11) ? 1 Opening statement i identify
the article, author, date, place ii identify
the broad theme, topic or subject 2 List assertions 3 Identify evidence used to support
assertion 4 Strengths and weaknesses i of
claims/assertions/arguments ii of
content, re the broad
theme/subject/topic Sample
opening paragraph. In his provocative short essay, "A doomsday scenario", published in 1993 as part of the Canberra based Development Studies Centre's "Pacific 2010" project, Rowan Callick argues that the future for Pacific Island states is gloomy. To prevent this nightmare becoming a reality, he calls on Island states to adopt an appropriate development model in order to create sustainable economies and good governance. Sample of
paragraph on assertions. Callick identifies economic restructuring as the key to avoiding a doomsday. He asserts that past options are closing and that Island governments must act now to set new paths for the future. He asserts that Island governments can no longer provide for their citizens, that there is a need for population control, increased environmental consciousness, new economic management and a shift from traditional distribution (reciprocity) to capital accumulation and re-investment in order to support the private sector. Assertion 1 Previous options of control are closingEvidence less opportunity for
migration Mines are
closing arable
land under strain of population growth Assertion 2 Governments cannot provide = a doomsdayEvidence Population growth exceeds
capabilities Education
costs, malnutrition, AIDs rising Number
in workforce declines less
arable land for young no
jobs in cities, no state welfare system beggars
everywhere limited
savings to support private sector …
and others Assertion 3
Shift from traditional distribution to capital accumulation
& re-investment Evidence Leaders need to set example Use
land and labour (as capital is not available) Assertion 4 Need for population controlEvidence Use
economic growth (instead of children) as security/superanuation Expand
middle/class (who respond better to FPP) Assertion 5 need for environmental consciousnessEvidence reduce slash and burn agriculture use
biodegradable packaging audit
of problems Assertion 6 need for new economic managementEvidence donors to impose aid conditionality replace
aid with eco restructuring increase
competiveness, privatisation spend
more on health, education and infrastructure expand free trade and rely on
regionalism READINGS______________________________ HHB245 AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS ______________________________ Fry G, 1997c,
"Framing the islands; knowledge and power in changing Australian images of
the South Pacific", The Contemporary
Pacific, Vol 9, 2, 305-344 Henningham
S, 1995, “The limits on power; Australia and New Zealand and
the region” in his The Pacific Island States; security and sovereignty in
the post-cold war world, London, Macmillan, 114-136 Thompson R,
1980, "Conclusion", in his Australian
imperialism in the Pacific; the expansionist era 1820-1920, Melbourne, MUP,
222-29 Moore
CR, 1997, "Australia in the world; nation, community
and identity" (Documents), in Evans R, Moore
C, Saunders K and B Jamison, eds, 1997, 1901
Our Future's past; documenting Australia's federation, Sydney, Macmillan, 211-29 Quanchi M, 1998,
"Australia's South Sea Islanders; a call for recognition", Journal of the Pacific Society, Vol 21, 3-4, 3-19 Jupp J (ed), The Australian people, Sydney, Angus and
Robertson, 1988, (722-27) Callick R,
1993, "Pacific 2010; A doomsday
scenario" in Cole R, ed, Pacific 2010; Challenging the future"
, Canberra, NCDC, ANU, 1-11 Bilney G, 1994, Australia's relations with the South
Pacific'; challenge and change, MPA6 of 1994, Ministerial Press Release,
Canberra Thompson R,
1994, The Pacific Basin since 1945, Essex, Longmans, (Chp 8, "Conflicts and coups in the Islands since 1980,
259-88) Quanchi M, 1997,
References on Australia’s relationship with the Pacific (other than PNG),
Carseldine, School of Humanities and Human Services, pp.13 _______________________________ Copied
for student research in HHB245 Australia and the Pacific Islands, School of
Humanities and Human Services,, QUT
Carseldine,2002 HHB245 Australia and the Pacific Student presentations and essay topicsTopic (from Thompson) Student PresentersChp 1 Australia’s interests 1900-1914 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________________ Chp 2 New Guinea 1914-1939 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 3 Papua and the
Pacific 1914-39 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 4 War and
post-war 1939-49 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 5
Australia-Pacific 1950-60 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 6 PNG 1961-75 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 7 Decolonisation
1961-80 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Chp 8
Australia-Pacific since 1980 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 Upload: 4/14/2003
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