Ch'en, Chieh-hsien. "On the Causes of the War Between Manchu and Korea in 1636." In Proceedings of the International Conference on China Border Area Studies. Taipei: National Chengchi University, 1984.

Krippes, Karl A. "Mongol and Jurchen Words in a Middle Korean Text." Mongolian Studies 15 (1992): 97-109.

Morioka, Yasu. "Prices Levied by the Ch'ing Victors for the Redemption of Korean Prisoners of War." Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 43 (1985): 45-72.

Robinson, Kenneth R. “Shaping Interactions with Jurchens in the Early Choson Period.” In Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress of Korean Studies, III. Songnam, Republic of Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.

Rossabi, Morris. The Jurchen in the Yuan and Ming. Ithaca, NY: China-Japan Program, Cornell University, 1982.

Serruys, Henry. Sino-Jurcen Relations during the Yung-lo Period (1403-1424). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1955.

Woodruff, Phillip. "Status and Lineage among the Jurchens of the Korean Northeast in the Mid-fifteenth Century." Central and Inner Asian Studies 1 (1987): 117-154.

Copyright 2004 Kenneth R. Robinson & The Center for Korean Studies. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission of the author.