Billet, Bret L. "The History and Role of Student Activism in the Republic of Korea: The Politics of Contestation and Conflict Resolution in Fledgling Democracy." Asian Profile 20:1 (February 1992): 23-33. 

Cumings, Bruce. "Political Participation in Liberated Korea: Mobilization and Revolt in the Kyongsang Provinces, 1945-1950." The Journal of Korean Studies 1 (1979): 163-203. 

Han, Sung-joo. "Student Activism: A Comparison between the 1960 Uprising and the 1971 Protest Movement." In Lim Chong Kim, ed. Political Participation in Korea: Democracy, Mobilization and Stability. Santa Barbara, CA: Clio, 1980. 

Im, Pang-hyon. "Two Turning Points in Modern Korean History: April 19, 1960 and May 16, 1961." Korea Journal 6:5 (May 1966): 4-9. 

Kim, Ke-soo. "The April Revolution, 1960: A Survey Analysis." The Journal of Social Research 1 (April 1965): 42-70. 

Kim, Quee-young. The Fall of Syngman Rhee. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1983. 

Kim, Quee-young. "Disjunctive Justice and Revolutionary Movements: The 4.19 (Sa-il-gu) Upheaval and the Fall of the Syngman Rhee Regime in South Korea." Journal of Developing Societies 6:1 (January 1990): 56-70. 

Kim, Quee-Young. “From Protest to Change of Regime: The 4-19 Revolt and the Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea.” Social Forces 74:4 (June 1996): 1179-1209.

Kim Seong-nae. “Sexual Politics of State Violence: On the Cheju April Third Massacre of 1948.” In Meaghan Morris and Brett De Bary, eds. Race, Panic and the Memory of Migration. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2002.

Lee, Byong Chul. "The Unfinished Song: April 3 Uprising in Cheju Island." Peace Forum 14 (May 1991): 55-61. 

Merrill, John. "The Cheju-do Rebellion." The Journal of Korean Studies 2 (1980): 139-197. 

Oh, Byung-hun. "Students and Politics." In Edward Reynolds Wright, ed. Korean Politics in Transition. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1975. 

Pak, Chi-Young. Political Opposition in Korea, 1945-1960. Seoul: Seoul National University Press, 1980. 

Rhee, Yong Pil. The Breakdown of Authority Structure in Korea in 1960: A Systems Approach. Seoul: Seoul National University Press, 1982. 

Shin, Myungsoon. “Political Protest and Government Decision Making: Korea, 1945-1972.” American Behavioral Scientist 26 (January-February 1983): 395-416.

Yang, Sung Chul. "Student Activism and Activists: A Case of the 1960 April Revolution in Korea." Korea Journal 12:7 (July 1972): 7-16.

Copyright 2004 Kenneth R. Robinson & The Center for Korean Studies. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission of the author.