Okay, so reporting is actually called Strengthening Coral Reef Monitoring off Main Hawaiian Islands and certain amount of capacity building for divisions of aquatic resource involvement.  We also have a sort of research component, and which is rather more interesting to talk about.  So the three analyst goal sort of components, which we are working on this year.

The first is the network of FRA’s, this sort of aquarium closed areas on the West Hawaii Coast. They are sort of having those net beneficial effect for the fishery and in this case there is a build of stocks within the sort of 30 percent of coast line close is sufficiently large that these sort of overall effect in terms of increased recruitment is bigger than the cost of the fishery of closing this portion of the coast.

Second one, you know certain fishes which we find very hard to survey just because they are the rare or the habitats we don’t go to.  So trying to make use of all extra data sources to sort of see if we can get information on the distribution and we’ve also got some projects looking at sort of decade old scale change on West Hawaii reefs.  So I am going to talk about this first one, this third one first and, its three particular areas we are working in West Hawaii.  In each case they’re spread up and down the coast in case we got surveys that were done in 70s and we’re either repeating those surveys recently, repeated in the late 90s or it's been on going with the same methods approximately the same level of skills.  We also got a reasonable expectation of the people who did earlier surveys or sort of fairly experienced as University Hawaii people, Waikiki people and here is the Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. So we got three areas we are looking a sort of change between the mid 70s and late 90s onwards.  So far, we have only updated (?) now worked up.  K8 we have the data.  We've more (?) coral reef.  We have the surveys done by Jim Parishes group in the late 70s and we are going to resurveying them later this year. So this from (?) now, this surveys initially done in the mid 70s and repeated just in the late 90s and started 2000- 2001.  These four habitat boulders coral reefs and drop offs so there is a spread of habitats  that goes about 2 meters deep to 15 meters deep and so over that 25 year period, habitat probably has changed to some extent and that's sort of somewhat confounding, that is sort of overall trends which you might be looking at.  Because at the time these surveys were done in a long period without any storm likely at least in the drop off zone the coral cover probably increased to more complex reefs its more consistently compressed the cover, you know so, probably more complex but less diverse habitat.  But in general, this was already a very high coral cover area and so this is a kind of dramatic changes which we see even at the side are not purely driven by habitat and so just broadly there has been a general decline a large decline in lot of the small sort of typical reef fish, surgeon fish, butterfly angel fish and very large increases in abundances of parrotfish, soldier squirrel fish that's a sort of explicable in terms of some sort of greater habitat complexity perhaps and Roy of course has increased enormously over that time is very, very rare one in the mid 70s.  So, what clearly looks like a very strong factor driving change there is aquarium collecting over that period.  So we got, here are the three most collected families of aquarium fish, surgeonfish, butterfly fish and wrasse and we've categorized these intensity of fishing pressure on the group using a sort of categorical abundance, source for the fish and then the average reported catch over the 77 to 2000 period. And for these are red line are for very heavily fished, green light moderately fished and yellow downwards low or negligible fishing.  This is the percent change in abundance between mid 70s and late 90s.  And a lot of these very heavily fished, fishes have declined enormously in that times. You know, there seems to be a, in general, the likely or negligible? Fished fishes have lot more mixed kind of pattern, but certainly very clear that the very heavily fished ones have on whole declined enormously when we look at those So that particular group of fishes the ones we identified as heavily fished they’ve all declined 80 percent or more between the mid 70s and late 90s at this one site (?) now.  That's when the methods are identical, with same kind of level the people are doing work, same locations. If aquarium collecting is the explanation for this decline we might also expect that since the Reserve Network was brought in the year 2000 there might be some recovery of some of the species and we don't actually have a site at ? we have got seven closed areas up and down the coast line they have been closed for five years now until sixth year closure, seventh year closure and three of these have significantly increased, two we have almost no data on and something tang is declining slightly in the ? to generally declining on the coast. At least in habitats we are in. So the quite dramatic changes are all very likely driven by aquarium collecting.  Really dramatic changes that come out, certain groups of fishes, which we now consider to be rare.  People just consider these sort of, even people who have been around here for long time they just think these are kind of rare fishes or they are habitats, people don't generally go to. Like the blue striped butterfly and banded angel.  We virtually never see these now a days, we never see them on our transects, we’ve recently done surveys of 25 kilometer of shallow coastline.  We never see the (?) and virtually the only place to do see them as it  happens to this one in (?)MLCD and this one in (?) MLCD. So it’s the general presumption that these are just rare fish, but when we look at the data from the mid 70s (?) Friendly eye was present three or four years two different habitats, you know, quite commonly found in the (?) data there is six different habitats surveyed between 10 feet about 80 feet deep and 5 to 6 of them there every year and quite frequently found on transects and then banded angels recorded presence sort of 50 feet deep site in (?) now and present of (?) so certain indication that they used to be much more common and if we, we can also correlate that somehow  with our aquarium catch data and so the blue lines are these reported catch per year of the different species and the red line is the price in $2005 and so this reported catch is almost certainly underreported likely twice as much or more and so the blue striped butterfly reported catch near 300 to 500 probably taken up by 1000 fish in mid 70s (?) throughout the 80s that sort of falling of a cliff this fish is extremely rare now in West Hawaii and similarly with the banded angel you see 300 plus  reported and last year we’re down to 20 or 30.  In case of  banded angels certainly not a price issue because price is gone up enormously and if probably, this is under represented real increase in price for  banded angels reported up to that $90 each per collector and recent records were saying. So I mean these are endemic species.  There are also, you know there are also as it happens they are quite common in Northwestern Hawaiian Island  you do see them and possibly 30 years ago you would have seen them here as well.  And without having this sort of multiple sources of data to look at, we never really thought about this.  So anyway, so you know, it seems to be interesting.

So another thing I want to talk about is this question of the replenishment effect of the FRA and so they’re number one species for the aquarium fishery is the Yellow Tang makes 80 percent of the catch, by number 70 percent by value. Yellow line is the reported catch over time and the bars represent value in $2005.  So it's been a sort of increasingly important fish.  In about the 80s and 90s the fishery was mainly Butterfly fish fishery that switched over very, very much now to a small surgeonfish fishery and since the FRA network was brought in the year 2000, catches are actually doubled and the values are approximately doubled as well.

So, as well as the actual catch is increasing enormously we also surveyed sites of another coast about 23 sites. We call them control sites.  There it sort of been closed for several years prior to creation of the FRA network, so long term close these are ones that are closed in the year 2000 and have been closed where in the sixth year of closure and these are open areas that makes up 70 percent of  the coast line that's completely open.  So numbers have gone up everywhere. They have closed, the recently closed area are now approximately grown to long term close. They can work in double but even in the open area in spite of the fact that they have taken twice as many fish from 70 percent of the area, the actual numbers of fish in those habitats are higher. So, we see this sort of very positive effect of the Reserve Networks and catches are up, densities are up, important things to note is well as the a lot of the increases occurred in the third year of protection here in all the sites and this recruitment just enormously increased three years into the credit after the creation of Reserve Network and it's been sustained to high level since. Okay, thanks.

So, we've seen this positive effect sort of very suggestive that the Reserve Network is leading to this but the crucial thing is that only further changes are driven by very high recruitment starting in 2002, Its been sustained  since then. So the two explanations for that really, one is that we just coincidently, this is been a good year seriously year for recruitment and the sort of we're living in a kind of Fool's Paradise and think everything is going great but actually its all going to go wrong and the other is that you know this is genuine replenishment effect and that really the Reserves are having such a significant effect on the recruitments of new fishes to fishery that we can expect this to carry on.  So we would like to be able to

So when we. So, the adult habitat of Yellow Tang a lot of this information comes from we’ve been working with Jeremy ? This sort of shallow zone 10-20 feet deep it's a sort of border of between the sort of shallow slotted pavement zone and sort of upper edge of this levata zone? and it's probably an area where there is good hiding areas and also good food availability that's where we found most fishes. But it's a sort of patchy kind of habitat the very fish themselves are in a clumped distribution and which means that when we survey them the way we deal with that is what we’re calling jet boot surveys. And these are you’ve probably seen this but the jet boot is a sort of looks like a propulsion unit that you wear on your legs but battery in your back, it gives you two hands free.  So we can run up parallel in this coast in this prime habitat zone and  run 80 minutes surveys covering you know 600 to 900 meters in that time and counting substantial numbers of fish which  sort of overcome a lot of this difficulty of patchiness. So we've 16 sites up and down the coast  and fairly well spread spatially 8 of are enclosed areas, 8 of them are in are in shored open areas before for long term close that have been closed 14 years or more and for the FRA was for six years and important things we making the open air is to be have sort of boundary sites that are fairly close to the FRA Network that might get some kind of  spill over boost and we have sites that are far always we can possibly make them from boundaries, to less like you didn't get the sort of spill over for these adult stocks.

So, I mean we so far we've done about half the surveying we plan to do on this and so these data are sort of preliminary hopefully if there is a real trend going on more applications should strengthen that but alternatively this could be somewhat lucky, but it certainly quite a strong pattern we see at the movement this is the boundary, these are the areas that are open up to distance from the boundary of one edge of the area we are surveying and these are all the long term protected. So in general there is you know indication that places further away from the boundary have much lower densities of adults that the three, lowest site we found are all farthest away from protected area boundary.  The thing that throws it off for these two sites up here, can you put that?  And we've sort of have an explanation of why they have such high numbers and we go backwards actually.

So, these two sites are in here and this is the sort of narrowest open area anywhere on the coastlines for six kilometers in total it’s a very long term protected area here and this is the large closed FRA Network with very poor adult habitat here.  So it's sort of possible that you know there has been a long term movement of gradual movements of adults out of this reserve and probably some quite substantial movement coming south.  And so it's at least conceivable with the reason why these two very good adult habitats are moving south, and have these sort of high number even though they’re in open area. So just to sort of summarize that I mean we have this catch has more than doubled since the FRA came in juvenile our densities more than doubled in the protected areas, the coast line as a whole when this 30% protected, 70% open it's gone up by more than 50 and lot of this driven by the high recruitment without risk.

So what we see so far in this preliminary data is that adult densities are higher than FRA's than in the open areas that we have quite substantially and there’s b reasonable indication and there is also quite substantial spill over of adults out of these areas. So, I mean if you put the whole thing together, it's a strong sort of evidence with no one piece on its own would really get you and so you know we have to keep on with that but I am very optimistic of it  and  so that's all I’ve got for you. Thanks.

QUESTION: (in audible)

Well in terms of sort of official working there not a whole lot, but at aquarium collectors I mean when they are working from boats you know they are very obvious to who are aquarium collectors which have lot of equipments and so on. You know they are very visible to the people on the shore line, they’re professionals, they hold  their licenses you know they don't want to lose their, there has been very poor enforcement but if any fishery you can manage this is actually one that does work you know because its not just random guys hopping in off the water and they are very visible you know I don't think there is an awful lot of poaching going on I’m sure there is some and the other thing about when you’re doing the poaching if people are going after like a very high value fish like  the banded angel or  tinkers butterfly or something, there can just be one guy hop in and come out or whatever, but when they are going  after Yellow Tang you know they taken large number of fish about big nets and stuff. _ _.

So, in terms of Yellow Tang data, I just you know if these guys sort of poaching they are the one's who are going after the rare high value stuff you know.

QUESTION:  (in audible)

Yeah.

QUESTION: (in audible)

Yeah, I think there is actually quite a lot you know is a quite of strong backing for in general coastlines.

QUESTION: (in audible)

Yeah, yeah so for definitely in with out question.

QUESTION: (in audible)

Yeah, undoubtedly.

QUESTION: (in audible)

Yeah,? there is 50 meter transects, 10 meter wide and it's two divers working in parallel each surveying one half of it and they would just swim the that whole length counting all fish they saw there was in the time when 10 meter wide, each person has got a 5 meter long gap.  And then there’s multiple replicas per habitat per year and multiple years each time so it's not just a little one of snapshot it’s a sort of reasonable sustained time.  Okay.

QUESTION: (in audible)

It's a very good question and well we do know that for females is probably four and half years, for males something like seven years. So for females you know they are taking basically fishery to take them up to age two or something like that and after that they tend not to take with the larger one's in the Juvenile Habitat they are not really targeted by Current Collectors. So the real spike in terms of, if you would expect a two, three year lag before there’s any groups to ?  adult stocks you know and for the I don't know if you're leaving this way it's sort of unlikely that may be the first spike of recruitment, early spiking recruitment was really driven by sort of replenishment effect but fact that its kind of sustain those high levels of recruitment that's considered unusual by people who have been around and that's what we believe this is sort of indicative of the real replenishment effect. Okay, thanks

QUESTION: (in audible)

Okay