Action To Fire Godfrey Fails

Kapiolani Home Funds Unreported, Ex-Employe Says

Action which threatened to unseat Harold Godfrey, manager of Kapiolani Home, 1717 Meyers St., was brought in a resolution to the home's board of trustees recently which charged Godfrey had failed to report money due the home, padded salaries of employes and "misappropriated funds rightfully belonging to Kapiolani Home."

The action failed by a split vote of the five trustees, of whom Godfrey himself, is one.

The resolution demanded the discharge of Godfrey on the grounds that his continuance in office would "reflect discredit" on American Legion Post 17, the John Rowe Post, which maintains the home as a non-profit, charitable institution. The resolution was brought, the RECORD learned, by Donald Jones, who resigned as assistant manager of the home not long ago. Queried by the RECORD, Jones confirmed that he had put the resolution before the trustees and he also admitted that he had placed the matter before the executive board of the John Rowe Post Sept. 24.

Jones' Name on Receipt Jones' real concern, he said, was the fact that he had been obliged to sign receipts for money coming to the home, only to find out later, after the money had been turned over to Godfrey, that it had never been recorded on the books. In an audit of the books, Jones said, it might appear that he had kept the money and failed to turn it over to the home.

Specifically, Jones charged in the resolution that $216 paid by an inmate, Richard Wong, on August 1, 1950, was "unaccounted for and unrecorded," the RECORD learned. The resolution also charged that Godfrey wrote a check to the Phillips Plumbing Shop, 350 S. Beretania St., for $10 more than the amount due the shop.

Godfrey was further charged in the resolution with padding the salaries of David Paiaina, utilities man, and Kapu Pila, night watchman. The failure of Godfrey to keep records of all funds, Jones charged, was a violation of the law governing the Department of Public Welfare.

Heen Doubts DPW To Audit

The authority of the DPW over the management of the home appears to be somewhat uncertain. Director Ernest Heen of the department, told the RECORD that, although the DPW actually owns the home, it has left the management up to the John Rowe Post, since that organization is responsible for the management and finances. He said the DPW has never, to his knowledge, attempted to audit the home's books.

"We are primarily concerned," Heen said, "with the rate charged the inmates. If they ask to raise the rate, we look into the finances to see whether the increase is justified. They did ask for an increase not long ago. We found they had a surplus, so we answered that we didn't see why they needed to raise the rate."

The surplus was several thousand dollars.

The present rate for inmates at the home is $54 a month for board and room, and the income from this amount provides the funds upon which salaries and operational expenses are paid. Trial Appearance Began Friction Friction between Godfrey and Jones, then his assistant, is said to have arisen following Godfrey's suit for divorce last spring, in which Godfrey had several employes of the home subpoenaed as witnesses against his wife.

When Godfrey's lawyer, O. P. Soares, asked Jones one question and failed to get a satisfactory answer, he turned the witness over to Myer Symonds, Mrs. Godfrey's attorney, who did not ask further questions. Judge Chuck Mau denied the divorce and a counter-charge by Mrs. Godfrey after hearing the evidence.

"He began to needle me from that time on," Jones says. "He'd blame me for being absent when I was trying to be a good fellow, using my own car to take inmates to the hospital."

After Jones, a member of John Rowe Post, had laid the matter before the executive board Sept. 24, he received a letter from G. E. Macfarlane, secretary, dated Sept. 28, which notified him that he was absolved of fault in the eyes of the executive board. It is reported that the board sent a similar letter to Godfrey, also absolving him.

Jones is reported as not satisfied that the letter, signed only by Macfarlane, secretary of the executive board, actually constitutes a legal clearance for him. He has indicated that he is far from finished with the complaint.

Mr. Godfrey, who is also the editor of the newspaper "Native Son," had no comment to make to the RECORD on the resolution, or any other phase of the case, other than to say it is "dangerous stuff." Godfrey has been manager of the home for two and a half years.

Kapiolani Home was turned over to John Rowe Post for operation in 1941, after the DPW came into possession of the property, only to discover it had not sufficient funds to operate it as an institution.

Mayor John Wilson, who was then director of the DPW, said that for a period during the war, the number of inmates dwindled to about 30, and rooms were rented out by the management to civilian personnel attached to the army.

Now there are about 70 destitute men living at the home, their individual expenses paid largely by the DPW.

The announcement this week that KGU, the Advertiser radio station, is sending Jack Tasaka to Japan to bring top talent and other material of interest to the Japanese radio audience here came as a surprise to the Japanese community.

KGU has been the only local station which has not carried daily Japanese programs for years. In many quarters within the Japanese community it was believed that the station was opposed to foreign language programs. Particularly during and after the war, the Advertiser's unsympathetic position in regard to Japanese aliens and customs made numerous people of Japanese ancestry feel that anti-Japanese bias influenced KGU's policy.

What the 'Tiser Said

During the war the Advertiser ran editorials such as these:

"Japanese schools to foster Japanese culture are pau—gone forever from the islands of Hawaii. And in their place the grade and high schools must instill, foster and develop the teachings of Americanism, that must be as dear to the loyal American-Japanese youth of Honolulu as they are to every other student, parent and citizen."— Sept. 28, 1942.

On June 21, 1943, the Advertiser ran an editorial titled, "Waste Time." It was that Wendell Willkie's One World had been translated into Japanese for the benefit of alien Japanese in Hawaii. The editorial said the young AJAs could read the book in English and "the older, alien generation, who cannot read English are in the minority and are not the type to read that type of book anyway."

The Advertiser's anti-Japanese attitude caused the newspaper to take mean pokes at the segment of the populace which was going through trying times because racists and flag-waving super-patriots in particular attacked them at every turn. The editorial in the Dec. 31, 1943 issue, the day before New Year, was headed:

"No More Jap Holiday!"

The editorial said, in part:

"Hawaii's population of Japanese ancestry had just as well make up its mind now to accept the fact that its long custom of observing Japanese holidays is a thing of the past. New Year's day has been dedicated for war victory this year. It will be a good time for the Japanese descendants to show their adherence to the American way."

People Wear Knowing Smiles

"Why is KGU, the Tiser station, going in for Japanese programs?" asked a businessman this week. "Is it for the moola?"

The question is asked in many ways in the Japanese community and everyone who asks it seems to know the answer. Almost everyone gives a knowing smile, if he or she doesn't want to comment.

"Tough pill for the Advertiser to swallow," commented an AJA.

"How do you know?" he was asked.

"Well, that's what I think. You asked me," he said.—K. A.

The other day I heard a few businessmen discussing the question that poverty results from the ignorance of the mass of the people. In the same breath, they were saying that unemployment is due to laziness of the thousands of jobless.

I have heard this lie repeated over and over again, but still it was equally or more shocking when I listened to the discussion. I am of the generation that graduated from high school and searched for unavailable jobs in the early years of the depression. The recession and unemployment of the year preceding the Korean war was not caused by ignorance or laziness of the masses, either.

After Wall Street went into a tail-spin and crashed in 1929 during Herbert Hoover's regime, Franklin D. Roosevelt's government brought some semblance of decency to the begging and starving millions through several Federal aid projects. Business had failed and the administration stepped in to shore up the economy.

I was one of the millions who received government aid. As a WPA worker on a road job, I became more interested in the national administration which put up project signs everywhere. My experience then was the experience of millions who received progressive education through the pronouncements and activities of the Roosevelt administration.

When the NRA signs were put up, we heard that employers had to pay a certain minimum to employes. Plantation laborers at Pahoa, Puna, where I then lived, were receiving small pay and those of us who began to work on WPA projects did better than they did. Some young boys out of high school who went to work in the sugar cane fields wanted to work with us, but I believe that the company manager at Pahoa would have frowned upon such a step. It certainly would have brought discontent among the younger element

Housing Was a Plantation Weapon

Although I did not realize the significance of the plantation housing system then, I noticed that the Portuguese, Filipinos and Japanese were generally housed separately. I was to learn later that housing was a weapon used by the companies to keep laborers in line and to keep them divided. As a part-time worker in a Pahoa general merchandise store, I delivered groceries to the camps. I found that the Filipino camps were the most dilapidated. The Filipinos were newcomers, compared to the Portuguese and Japanese, and thus were subjected to the worst conditions.

At the store, I frequently told the Filipino laborers that they would be afflicted with "night eyes" if they stringently economized on food during slack seasons. In Kona, where I was born, we had neighbors who could not see after nightfall. We were told that these people had denied themselves nourishment during their contract labor period on the plantations, scrimping and saving on about $10 a month pay in order to return to Japan with some money.

Conditions Had Improved In 40 Years

The days of indentured servitude of my parents were days of blacksnake whips. Conditions had improved in three to four decades but they still were not good. The laborers were no longer bonded slaves or treated as such. They could leave the plantations if they wanted to.

I used to tell the Filipinos with whom I became intimate that in Kona we had Japanese neighbors who had two names. These men had. escaped from sugar plantations during their contract labor days and had taken refuge in the district which was relatively more isolated. There, under a new name, they leased land and cleared land thickly covered with guava, lantana and keawe and planted coffee.

Bees, Centipedes and Scorpions Kept Us Company

After two years at Pahoa I returned to Kona to work for the coffee company which held the mortgage on our farm. With a few boys my age I pulped and dried coffee down on the beach near Kealakekua Bay. All day long we worked under the sun, naked except for the shorts we wore. We drank gallons of water which flowed out of our pores. When the hard day's labor ended we jumped into the cool ocean. After supper we visited the Hawaiian village and often heard tales of old Hawaii which were packed full of superstition.

We slept in a small room above the pulping machine. The cracks in the plank walls and floor helped the ventilation. Small larvae from coffee berries snapped and twisted on the flooring outside us and came into our room. Bees, centipedes and scorpions kept us company in bed and when one of us got stung, we groped in the dark, swearing as we searched for match and lantern.

We Were Young and Rugged

The juicy pulp from the coffee berries rotted below our small shutter window. Large green flies swarmed over the stinking and rotting heap during the day. At night large maggots made millions of snapping sounds that made us imagine that by morning they would have eaten up the whole pile.

We were young and rugged and enjoyed the life in a fashion. We cooked canned corned beef with cabbages or onions almost every day and stuffed ourselves with rice. Catsup was a delicacy and we poured this over our rice. Between bites we chased away stubborn flies and wiped the dripping perspiration. We were paid wages and in Kona, where farmers were poor and there were almost no openings for jobs besides farm work, we considered ourselves fortunate.

The Company Offers Me a Job

One day while I was visiting home, the manager of the coffee company came to see mother and me. He offered me a job to drive truck, clerk in the store and oversee a section of the mortgaged farms. He proposed that half of my $50 monthly wages go towards paying for our groceries.

Mother argued that since our farm was mortgaged and we were getting credit like any other farmer, why should my wages be taken in such a manner? She said that in sharecropping, the food allowance should come out of the farm. "We will clear our debt when the coffee price rises," she said. The manager said that we should do everything to pay the farm debt. Mother argued that it was unfair to take my wages to pay the farm debt which had accumulated because of a slump in the coffee price, overcharge of groceries, household needs and farm supplies by the company store, and high interest rate.

The Farmer Was Suspected of Selling Fertilizer

I worked for the coffee company for a few years. I will not repeat what I have written earlier about farmers bootlegging the coffee they produced in order to obtain cash, because under the mortgage, the company took everything. When I caught the farmers in the act I just warned them and never turned them in, because we were forced to do the same.

One day I was asked by the manager to talk to one of the farmers who was suspected of selling fertilizer which the company had supplied him on credit. He told me that he had used every bag of fertilizer on his farm and this I reported back. But I knew as I observed his farm that the amount of fertilizer he had spread under his coffee trees was smaller than what it should have been.

The Father Fulfilled His Promise

On special occasions, farmers' wives asked me for rare delicacies such as canned asparagus or canned fruits which the store did not give on credit to the poorer farmers. There was a Japanese farmer who had many small children and everyone knew that the company's grocery allowance was insufficient. He frequently asked me to let him buy a few dollars beyond his allowance.

Highly embarrassed, he asked me one day to let him have a can of asparagus and a jar of mayonnaise.

"It is for my 12-year-old son," he said. "It is for his birthday. He worked so hard during the harvest that I had to promise him something he liked."

I wrote his order down in my order book. He smiled and his tears began to flow. He was a father who was able to fulfill his promise. His little children, who stood by us, stared at their father, who was wiping his tears.

Mother Returns To the Plantation Environment

Experiences like these made me want to leave Kona. On our farm we were not doing well. I discussed the happenings of the day with mother and she always said that people must help each other. As months passed, brother and I tried to convince mother that we should quit our farm. She always opposed strenuously.

About this time many of the bright and gifted companions of my school days were settling down on their parents' farms, giving up hope of advancing themselves elsewhere. They saw that opportunities were limited.

We boys asked mother to give us the opportunity of finding work outside of Kona. She finally agreed although the decision to leave the farm must have hurt her deeply. I left for Honolulu and mother, with brother, returned to the plantation environment where she and father had worked nearly 40 years before. (to be continued)

When he called for the police Sunday night, after being involved in an altercation with the bouncer of Wimpy's Bar over the management's racist policy, a Negro was himself roughed up in the street by the officer who arrived, arrested, hauled to the police station in a patrol wagon, and finally charged with vagrancy, though he had $35 in his pocket. The Negro was James Middle-ton, and he protested being asked to leave by the bouncer, who enforced the anti-Negro policy that has been in effect there for about two years. As he left, observers said, the bouncer attempted to trip him. When he remonstrated from outside, witnesses say, the bouncer struck him, and it was then that Middleton called for the police.

Complainant Gets Roughed The officer who arrived was Sgt. Paul Shaffer, notorious in the city for Negro-baiting, and Shaffer is reported to have begun roughing Middleton up.

"Shaffer banged him up against the wall and kneed him. Shaffer kneed him several times," a witness said. "He talked to him all the time, too."

Middleton later said Shaffer called him a "black bastard" and a "n - - - - r pimp."

"How Cruel!"

When a haole serviceman and his girl happened by, the girl was so shocked by the officer's behavior, she stopped to watch.

"How cruel!" said the girl after a moment, and Shaffer turned to her.

"Lady, you mind your own business," he is reported to have told her. "This is police work."

The girl went inside Wimpy's and watched from there and Shaffer, apparently still annoyed that a haole woman should take such exception to his actions, was heard to ask the bouncer if she worked there. Upon being told she didn't, he then ordered the bouncer to have her sit down.

When the patrol wagon arrived, Shaffer put Middleton in it, and he was seen to give the Negro the violent shove, traditional among vice squad officers, calculated to send the victim sprawling on the inside of the wagon.

At the station, Middleton was charged with vagrancy, to be held for 48 hours for investigation. He called his lawyer, Attorney Harriet Bouslog, however, and she pointed out the absurdity of charging a man with vagrancy when he has $35 with him, and Middleton was released.

Lieut Paul Shaner, after listening to Attorney Bouslog, agreed to ignore the charge.

Before he left, Middleton told Lieut. Shaner that Sgt. Shaffer habitually calls him the racist names mentioned above, no matter where the two come face to face, and also warns him that he'd better leave the islands. Lieut. Shaner promised to initiate an investigation of Shaffer's behavior, Middleton said.

8 Physically Handicapped At Kalihi Woodworks Called Factor of Success

In a busy shop at 218 Kalihi St., a man with a twisted body sits before a turning spindle shaft and peers through protective goggles as a wooden salad bowl takes shape before his eyes.

If he were to fall from his seat someone would have to help the worker up—he is that badly crippled. But his fingers and his eyes are those of a trained craftsman, and they enable him to make wages on an even basis with any man.

The worker is one of the eight physically handicapped men working at Hale Ohai. He is one of those hired by Donald A. Kameda, president and boss of the company, who believes that for his type of manufacture; physically handicapped workers are just a little more desirable than those who aren't.

The most recent arrival at Hale Ohai is a man whose feet have been deformed from birth. A week and a half ago he knew nothing of woodwork, but now he bends, like the others, over a spindle shaft.

"He's learning very quickly," says Kameda.

The quick learning of the new man is no surprise to Kameda, a 442nd veteran embarking on his first business enterprise. He believes that those who have lost the use of parts of their bodies concentrate with greater intensity on the development of the faculties they have left. He believes the physically handicapped learn faster, perhaps, because they're more interested in learning.

That's why eight of the Hale Ohai's full staff of 11 are physically handicapped.

Those working at the Hale Ohai shop include three men who are deaf mutes, the partially paralyzed man mentioned above, and three others who are crippled in the feet and legs, but who are anything but crippled as they sit at the whirring spindle shafts.

Because of the skills they have learned, the handicapped men earn wages on an even basis with any other skilled workers. Depending on the degree of their skill, they are paid from $1.10 to $1.45 per hour. "I appreciate what the handicapped workers have done for me," says Kameda, "and I'll do the best I can for them."

Since it began to turn out wooden salad bowls and wooden dishes of other Hinds a year and a half ago, Hale Ohai has found ever-growing markets both here and on the Mainland.

At the beginning, Kameda hired some physically handicapped workers.

"I had known some before we started this plant," the young veteran said. "I had worked as manager of another plant, and I knew some there. I heard of others through friends."

To be able to talk to the deaf-mute workers, Kameda learned sign language, and he found that, once trained, they worked steadily and skillfully, oblivious to the interruptions that distract many others.

But the same attitude prevails among all the workers at Hale Ohai.

"They work straight through," says Kameda, "except for a 10-minute break at 10 o'clock and another one at two, and of course, lunch hour. They don't look up."

For Donald Kameda and his partners, the industry and skill of the physically handicapped workers has been an important factor in building what promises to be a successful permanent business.

"Buck Passing," Charges Survey Dept.; Waiting for Answer, Says Land Office

Four petitions filed by Oahu residents with the Territorial land commissioner's office, asking the land department to open homesteads according to provisions of the Organic Act, still await action after two years.

According to the records in the land commissioner's office, the survey department has held up the works.

"Passing the Buck"

A spokesman in the survey department said this is "passing the buck."

Both offices refer to the letter written by A. Lester Marks, Sept. 9, 1949, when he was land commissioner. Marks wrote to the "survey office." which was then under his department:

"Under the Organic Act, government tracts of land may be opened for homestead purposes into lots sufficient in size to support an ordinary family. I hereby submit to you for a detailed analysis, as to their sufficiency and adaptability for homesteading (taking into account the failures of similar types of lands heretofore put out to practical homesteading) of the government lands now covered by . . ."

Marks listed tracts of land now leased from the government at Keaau, Waikele, Waialua and Lualualei.

The Keaau land, 91.59 acres, which a group of people petitioned for homesteading, is held in lease by Marks himself, for pasturage purposes. The land commissioner's office has no record of having received an answer from the survey office which was divorced from the land office about a month after Marks wrote his letter.

On Aug. 6, 1951, Frank G. Serrao, who succeeded Marks, wrote T. Y. Awana, saying that Marks had previously requested the survey office to submit for consideration a detailed analysis and study for the proposed homesteading of certain Territorial lands. Serrao asked if any action had been taken. No reply has been received by the land commissioner's office.

The spokesman at the survey department said that the tracts of land in question have all been surveyed. If the land department wants to know if it is feasible to put families on this land, the land agent of the commissioner's office should be assigned to provide such information. He is under the commissioner and "checks the use of each parcel of land under his jurisdiction."

The original letter written by Marks was written to "pass the buck," the spokesman said, when the survey office was under Marks' jurisdiction. He further commented that since the survey office was under Marks at the time, he could have indicated the urgency of the proposed homesteads. The survey office "surveys" he said, and "detailed analysis" to find out sufficiency and adaptability for homesteading falls under the responsibility of the land commissioner's office. If the land office gives the go signal to cut up lands for subdivision, the survey office will do it, he said.

Damper On Homesteading

Marks' inserted remark in his letter to the survey office saying, "taking into account, the failure of similar types of lands heretofore put out to practical homesteading," is seen by some as a damper put on homesteading of the tracts of land petitioned by the individuals. The survey office has been swamped by work and because of the lack of enthusiasm shown in the original letter by Marks, it has tackled more urgent projects, it was said by its spokesman.

The land commissioner's office is awaiting an answer to its letter of Aug. 6. The offices of the land commissioner and the survey department are located in the same wing of the Territorial building.

The Waimanalo land, approximately 2,839.216 acres, which, was also petitioned for subdivision to the land commissioner's office in March 1949, is now being surveyed for homesteading, leasing and sale when the present lease to the Waimanalo Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., expires in 1953.

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World Cartel: du Pont, Remington Arms

New York (FP)— E. I. duPont deNemours & Co., Remington Arms Co., Inc. and Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., of Great Britain were found guilty in Federal court here of conspiring to split up world markets in munitions, chemicals and small arms, in restraint of trade.

In a 207-page decision, Federal Judge Sylvester Ryan upheld the government's charge that the three companies and Imperial Chemical Industries (New York), Ltd., a subsidiary of the British firm, were part of an international cartel in violation of the Sherman anti-trust law. The civil action was started by the government seven years ago.

One expected outcome of the decision is the breakup of the worldwide nylon monopoly. Special Assistant Attorney General Leonard J. Emmerglick said he would move within the next 30 days to propose relief decrees, including a proposal for the compulsory licensing of duPont nylon patents so that other manufacturers may use the process.

The Government complaint listed seven Canadian, South American and German companies as participants in the cartel, but did not cite them as defendants. Among these was Dynamit Aktiengesellschaft, an affiliate of I. G. Farben, leading munitions maker in Germany.

In arguing the case before Ryan last year, government attorneys sought to have the agreements among the various companies enjoined and also asked the court to order duPont to get rid of its interests in Canadian, Argentine and Brazilian companies. They also asked that both duPont and Imperial Chemical be required to grant to any third parties royalty-free licenses with respect to any invention the two firms used in carrying out the conspiracy.

Ryan found that the agreements were "instruments designed and intended to accomplish the world allocation of markets." They pledged duPont not to manufacture or sell various products in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. In turn, the British company agreed to stay out of the U. S., Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Venezuela.

In addition to explosives, other products covered by the cartel conspiracy included rayon, cellophane, paints, varnishes and lacquers, pigments and colors, fertilizers, insecticides, synthetic rubber, polythene (a plastic used in radar equipment production) and nylon.

Egypt: Western Imperialism Unpopular

Over the past few years, Egyptian students and intellectuals have demonstrated against British military encampment in Egypt and against the Anglo-Egyptian treaty. This week Egyptians in Cairo demonstrated again and as the peaceful crowd marched in the city, an explosive, reportedly a firecracker or similar object, was thrown at them from the balcony of one of the Immobilia buildings. These establishments are occupied by British and American firms.

Although no one was hurt by the explosive, this provocation infuriated the Egyptians who surged into the courtyard of the Immobilia buildings. Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, oil company offices and the offices of other firms came under attack of the demonstrators who shouted: "Down with Britain; up with Egypt!"

The demonstration followed Prime Minister Mustapha El Nasha Pasha's denunciation of the quartering of British troops in Egypt, and of the Anglo-Egyptian treaty.

News reports said that all the Arab world joined Egypt in its effort to drive British troops out of the Suez Canal area and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Britain, and also France, has had increasing interest in Egypt since the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869. Britain finally occupied Egypt in 1882 and the country's administrators became British agents. Egypt was then supposed to be under Turkish sovereignty, but in 1914, she became a protectorate of Britain.

Egyptian nationalists have demonstrated and pressured the British in their struggle for independence and these activities forced Britain, in 1922, to declare Egypt an independent, sovereign state. Britain, however, reserved the right to protect the Suez Canal and defend Egypt.

In 1936, by an Anglo-Egyptian treaty of alliance Britain was to withdraw her troops and officials from Egypt, except from the Suez Canal zone.

Egyptians have opposed the prolonged stay of sizeable British forces, despite the agreement, and have time and again demanded the withdrawal of troops.

The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from where the demonstrators this week demanded the British to get out, is about one-fourth the size of Europe.

Egypt's principal minerals are manganese ore and oil. She also produces strategic tungsten, which already, according to Drew Pearson, Americans are taking out of Korea near the 38th parallel.

The demonstration in Egypt followed close on the heels of Iran's nationalization of her oil industry and the expulsion of British oil technicians and workers from Abadan.

Korea: More Fighting Than Truce Talks

While peace talks had been going on during the summer months, unpublicized, war had been going on at a stiff pace on the rugged terrain of Korea.

General Van Fleet, commander of the Eighth Army, gave his explanation thus:

"It was imperative to forestall the dreaded softening process of stagnation. A 'sit down' army is subject to collapse at the first sign of an enemy effort. An army that stops to tie its shoestrings seldom regains the initiative. I wouldn't allow my forces to become soft and dormant. I wouldn't let them slip into a condition that eventually would cause horrendous casualties. So the Eighth Army kept needling the enemy with limited objective attacks."

This week the liaison officers of the allied and North Korean-Chinese forces picked a site near Panmunjom for the resumption of peace talks. Meanwhile, war continued across the peninsula, with mounting Casualties on both sides.

University News Briefs

Paul S. Bachman, vice president and dean of faculties at the University of Hawaii, swings with the times like a pendulum. During the '30s, when he taught a class in the cultural history of the western world, his interpretations were fairly liberal. His views on liberals and intellectuals today are most interesting and worthy of note by students and faculty members at the Manoa campus.

In Occasional Paper 56, titled "World Revolution—Marx to Stalin," published by the university in August of this year, Dr. Bachman writes that Communist front organizations "make particular use of the professional man, especially the scientist, whose gullibility appears to be in direct ratio to the extent to which his life has been monopolized by scientific study. This gullibility may be the fault of an educational system that trains its graduates to be skilled technicians rather than worldly-wise leaders. Technical training apparently, is not a substitute for an education. Perhaps this is not the place to mention that the gullibility score of theologians equals that of scientists. Physicians also rate high.

"The confused liberal is also exploited by the Communists. Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that all genuine liberals are today somewhat confused. And well they may be, since those very principles of liberty upon which the American way of life was built are now being utilized as a protection to those who would destroy all liberty. On the other hand, the liberal realizes the danger of our destroying liberty in an effort to preserve it."

* *

Dr. Bachman doesn't seem to have much confidence in scientists whose contributions to the fund of knowledge have brought progress to humanity. The more they pursue science, the more gullible they are he says.

There are numerous scientists who oppose the use of atomic energy for destructive purposes, as in war. Some even oppose the monopoly of atomic energy research and development by industry which receives government subsidy to carry on projects with taxpayers' money.

* *

Scientists deal principally with factual data. They relate scientific knowledge with conditions existing in the world, for natural science has relationship with social science. Numerous scientists oppose war and are advocates of peace today. Are they gullible? Should they condone the use of atomic weapons in Korea or the napalm bomb over villages?

* *

Dr. Bachman could not pass up theologians, although he says his lecture might not be the proper place to say that they are as gullible as scientists.

In the Occasional Paper, Dr. Bachman says:

"At present Russia is interested in preventing us from coming to the aid of these border states (of Russia)."

Does Dr. Bachman mean Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Turkey, etc.?

The British are being kicked out" of Iran and Averill Harriman, President Truman's emissary, tried to persuade the Iranians to let the British imperialists stay and exploit the oil resources. The oil in Iraq is under control of U. S. interests to a large extent. In Egypt, the people are tired of western imperialism and are trying to rid the country of it. Under the Truman doctrine, Turkey and Greece received military and economic aid.

One wonders if Dr. Bachman looks at a map, to see who is where and doing what? Are foreign powers in Mexico, Canada, Panama, Cuba, etc. building air bases to drop bombs on Washington, D. C.?

A great chunk of the present U. S. foreign appropriation for military purposes will go toward building more air bases to form a cordon around the Soviet Union. This is fact reported in the press.

* *

Dr. Bachman says in his Occasional Paper, that the leadership in Russia resembles "feudal nobility."

In the Advertiser, Oct. 1, 1951, writer Millie Mitchell Amlie gave her observations of Russia, from where she wrote for an American news agency. She used a Moscow dateline from 1931 to 1936.

Writer Amlie, who was once an Advertiser reporter, said in an interview published in the daily:

"I saw the tremendous industrial plans of Russia put into force. I saw three five-year projects started that literally dumped the serfdom of the feudal ages into the industrial age. When the revolution took place in 1917, nearly all of Russia was illiterate. When I left in 1936, I would say 90 per cent could read and write. Russia became literate overnight."

New York — Federal Judge Harold R. Medina ripped a vital section out of the government's anti-trust suit against 17 investment banking houses and the Investment Bankers Association of America October 3.

Resuming the trial after a 3-month summer recess, Medina told government attorneys he would not accept any evidence originating prior to Jan. 1, 1935. He said his decision was reached after "the most mature reflection" and was based on indications that the trial, which began eight months ago, though it is still in the warm-up stage, might last as long as four years. Rumors about the possible length of the trial have come mainly from attorneys for the Wall Street defendants. Medina Cripples Government Case The Wall Street Journal reported government attorneys felt Medina's ruling had crippled their case. Defense lawyers were reported "pleased."

Medina argued that if the alleged conspiracy to maintain a monopoly in the underwriting business existed, it could be proven by events of the last 16 years. "We will never get through unless there is some reasonable limitation of the period covered," he said, complaining that "the human mind is incapable of encompassing the vast area of this case." Nearly half of the 4,000 documents scheduled to be introduced as evidence by the government will be tossed out as a result of Medina's ruling. The government case charges that the bankers' conspiracy originated in 1915 and has been carried on ever since.

Business Dealings With Defendants

Medina picked the 1935 cutoff date because that marked the beginning of a government statistical survey made to support its case. The date also fits in with a claim by the defense that federal control legislation around that period wrought fundamental changes in the investment banking business.

Medina, whose bench comments have been markedly friendly toward the defense, has had business dealings in the past with some of the defendants and is reportedly a millionaire. The defendants represent the upper crust of U. S. high finance society.

Judge Medina became notorious for his biased conduct of the government's case against 11 U. S. Communist leaders and has leaned over backwards in favor of the bankers in the present case.

In addition to the banking association, the defendants include: Morgan, Stanley & Co. (House of Morgan); Kuhn, Loeb & Co.; Eastman, Dillon & Co.; Kidder, Peabody & Co.; Goldman, Sachs & Co.; Lehman Bros.; Smith, Barney & Co.; Glore, Forgan & Co.; White, Weld & Co.; Drexel & Co.; First Boston Corp.; Dillon, Read & Co., Inc.; Blyth & Co., Inc.; Harriman, Ripley & Co., Inc.; Stone & Webster Securities Corp.; Harris, Hall & Co. and Union Securities Corp.

Bankers Delayed Case 5 Years

Together, the 17 firms did a combined business of $14 billion in stocks and bonds in the nine years preceding 1947, when the suit was filed. They represented 69 per cent of the value issued in the U. S. for that period.

The trial got underway after a 5-year delay which it was reported, was the result of pressure brought by bankers occupying key posts in the Truman administration.

One effect of a victory for the justice department's anti-trust division, now made even more remote by Medina's ruling, would be to require the banks to be more flexible in granting loans to upcoming industrial firms seeking to finance new products and processes which threaten monopolies.

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"A gain for one is a gain for all."

That's not a union slogan, but it might well be. It is a slogan growing out of the recent 111/2 cent increase voted Kauai County per diem workers by the civil service commission there at a special meeting Oct. 2, after a prolonged campaign for a wage increase by the United Public Workers of America.

The slogan might be interpreted two ways. First, even government workers who are not members of any organization, or those belonging to the Hawaiian Government Employees Association (which" did not participate in the campaign) will enjoy the gain. But most obvious, both in the size of the increase and the discussion at the meeting, is the reflection of the ILWU's wage increase recently won in negotiations.

After County Chairman Tony Baptiste had earlier gone on record as favoring a wage increase and blamed the civil service commission for delaying the issue, the commission became the focal point in the campaign.

Two to One Vote

Commissioner Herbert Ishii, the first Democrat ever to be appointed to the commission, quickly went on record Oct. 2 as favoring an increase. Commissioner Wasaru Shinseki said he would favor any fair raise. Chairman G. M. Shak continued to oppose any increase.

In the discussion, the strongest element developed was that the ILWU sugar workers had won an 11 1/2-cent raise and the raise should be based on that figure. Ultimately, of course, it was the figure adopted. The increase means about $20 a month additional pay for Kauai County's per diem workers.

"Where," asked a UPWA man after the meeting, "would we have been if the ILWU had failed to get any raise?"

C-C-Made Island Causes Hazards

The Island in the middle of Punaluu Stream was built by City-County road maintenance department when it tackled the job of dredging the stream last year. Residents in the area did not want the island. They had asked the city officials to dredge the stream because incoming tides were bringing in sand. The road maintenance supervisors tried to widen the stream but in cutting the banks, they threw the excavated material into the stream. The island has been said to be the cause of a flood that resulted in the collapse of the retaining wall on the property of Alfred K. Karratti, Sr. He filed claim for damage estimated between $750 and $1,000. His petition was not granted by the board of supervisors. Another property owner, Yan Hoon Chung, gave permission to the maintenance department to cut his property in widening the stream. But he asked the city officials to replant the coconut trees they were to dig out. The trees were dumped into the stream and became part of the island. The road maintenance department has forgotten all about the promise. The island still remains and it hampers the free flow of water. The original plan of straightening the stream further toward the mountain seems to have been abandoned.

Washington (FP) — The long smear campaign against the Institute of Pacific Relations, instigated by Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy (R., Wis.) and his pals, produced a strange victim October 3.

Hearings on the nomination of Philip C. Jessup, another McCarthy target, to be U. S. representative to the United Nations revealed that Sen. Homer Ferguson (R., Mich.) is listed as a member of the IPR in the current edition of Who's Who.

Ferguson, a close ally of McCarthy in the drive to smear all progressive movements as Communist and a leader in the successful fight for passage of the McCarran police state bill last year, hurriedly issued a statement that he had never been more than a "nominal" member of IPR and would sever his connections immediately.

Although the outcome of Tuesday's NLRB election at Theo. H. Davies & Co. was anticipated by representatives of Local 996, Joint Council of Teamsters (AFL), it was the first such company-wide election to be held.

The votes of 85 who participated gave 74 to the union, 10 against, and one ballot voided. Ninety-nine employes of four departments were eligible to vote.

"We were pretty sure of the result," said one union man.

"More people have joined the union since the layoffs." The layoffs referred to were those of five long-time employes, reported exclusively in the RECORD some weeks ago, in which men who had previously won gold-watch awards for faithful service, were discharged.

Following the layoffs, the Davies main office staff voted to be represented by Local 996 and became the first white-collar workers employed by a Big Five firm, to vote for a union.

The four Davies elements represented in Tuesday's election were: Main office, warehouse, trucking and grocery departments.

Not Only Foreign Ships Pump Bilges In Honolulu Harbor

Floyd A. Willett, a spokesman for the army engineers, made a statement this week calculated to bring a chuckle from the master mariners who scan news of the waterfront carefully.

Explaining a circular letter in which the engineers criticized stevedore companies and shipping agents because of the pollution of Honolulu harbor, and which pointed out some of the hazards of fire and explosion, Mr. Willett was reported in the Star-Bulletin as saying that much of the oil in harbor waters is attributable to "foreign ships unaware of U. S. regulations."

The truth is, sea captains say, many American masters, entirely cognizant of regulations, pump their bilges into the harbor anyway, choosing a time late at night or early in the morning when they are not likely to be detected.

And an observer of the pumping operation by which oil is transferred from ships to the Hawaiian Pine and Libby docks says any inspector who watches there may discover leakage is an important factor in increasing the hazards of Honolulu's congested harbor.

The United Mine Workers was formed in Columbus, O., on Jan. 23, 1890, as the result of a merger of the National Federation of Miners and the Knights of Labor miners' union. Its first president was John B. Rae.

Montreal Quebec (ALN)— Trades & Labor Council (AFL) has asked its 70,000 members to pass up buying U. S. women's clothing in favor of Canadian products. Widespread unemployment in the Canadian garment trades has followed dumping of U. S. merchandise here.

New York (FP)--Sworn affidavits charging wiretapping on telephones used by 17 Communist party leaders indicted under the Smith Act were filed in Federal court October 4.

The wiretapping was done on the telephone of the Communist party's headquarters at 29 West 125th St., it was charged in one affidavit. The other tap was found on the home telephone of defendant George Blake Charney, another affidavit charged. Examined by Qualified Technician

The affidavits were submitted in support of a motion by defense counsel Frank Serri to suppress all evidence from wiretapped or microphone-recorded conversations. The motion also asked dismissal of the indictment if it was obtained on illegally obtained evidence.

Simon W. Gerson, legislative chairman of the New York Communist party and one of the 17 defendants, swore that" he witnessed an "examination by a qualified technician" of the Communist party office phone and continued: "A sensitive meter attached to tap-testing equipment clearly reacted in a manner indicating to the technician present the existence of a tap on the wire at that time." Heard "Voice of a Man"

In the other affidavit, Mrs. Hattie F. Charney, wife of George Charney, swore that on or about July 23 she picked up the phone to make a call. "While waiting for the dial tone to come on," she said, "I heard a voice on the wire which I believed to be the voice of a man. I also heard the movement of a chair being pushed back. I heard the voice saying: 'Get the stamps at the post office and don't forget to pick up the reels.'"

Mrs. Charney said she believed "this conversation was part of the wiretapping of our telephone and that the words were spoken by the person or persons, unknown to me, who were charged with the duty of recording our telephone conversations."

Handlers of meat for the Hawaii Meat Co. were at it again last week as a RECORD reporter spotted the truck bearing license 56-883 unloading at a market in Moiliili last Thursday afternoon at 3:40 o'clock.

In a repetition of the manner exposed often by the RECORD, the handlers dragged quarters of beef across an uncovered tailgate, upon which they would certainly have to stand to remove meat from the front part of the truck body. Also, the bare meat was unprotected from contact with the much-stained sideboards of the truck.

But there was some improvement in the operation. While one man carried the meat, the other held a tarpaulin over the remainder of the meat. And the man who did the carrying did his best to keep the meat covered with cheesecloth.

Steps toward cleanliness, it was obvious, would have to be taken by the company—the workers were doing the best they could under existing circumstances.

New York (FP)—Federal raids on packing plants across the nation netted reports Sept. 26 of wholesale violations of Federal price control rules, but good red meat was as scarce on workers' tables after the raids as before.

The juicy steak that once highlighted the famed American standard of living is joining butter in the limbo of fond memories for millions of families. Nowadays it's chuck and round ground, along with margarine.

There's no lack of good red meat on the hoof. Instead, American consumers are facing a millionaire strike against price controls that goes all the way back to the cattle ranges in Texas and the mountain states. Big cattle growers, headed by owners of million-acre ranges, have gone on a sitdown, and the big meat packers in Kansas City, Omaha and Chicago have joined them to demonstrate that price control "can't work."

The cattle barons and the meat packers are confident that they can beat clown the powder-puff price controls enacted by Congress and discredit the whole idea of keeping prices down by Federal action.

Then steaks will be freely available at $2 to $3 a pound to all who can afford the price.

Meat and butter are being shoved off the worker's table by guns, President Harold Dodds said at the opening of Princeton University's academic year. "The defense budget," he said, "will adversely affect our standard of living for many years to come. The political slumber songs will not alter the inevitability of this grim fact."

It's not only "beefless Tuesday" but "beefless Sunday" in the homes of millions of workers, according to reports of creeping job paralysis in industries which depend on the purchasing power of wage earners instead of the $100 billion war budget for their markets. Unemployment is rife in the textile, garment and leather industries. So serious is the plight of thousands of New York garment workers that President Jacob S. Potofsky of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers (CIO) is going to Washington to see if Army uniform contracts can't be pumped into idle clothing shops.

Detroit, where unemployment has gone up 30,000 this year, is one of the hardest-hit cities in the country. The auto industry intends to fill defense orders in new or reconditioned war plants. So when auto output goes down by an expected 50 per cent, there will be few jobs in Detroit for the men displaced. Repeated appeals by the United Auto Workers (CIO) to Washington for help have provided little in the motor capital for the men thrown out of work.

Shortages in steel, copper and aluminum are dropping the floor out from under tens of thousands more workers. Higher prices and rents are also causing a shift away from more expensive items such as autos, refrigerators, television sets and electrical goods. That hits workers in those industries.

Worst spots are New England, where cotton and woollen mills are working short shifts or are closing down; New York City, where there are 210,000 registered unemployed; Pennsylvania and Maryland in the textile and clothing belts, and the Pacific Northwest, where a power brownout is playing hob with the jobs of thousands.

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GUATEMALA CITY (ALN)— Labor Affairs inspector Julio Valladares has rejected a petition from the U. S.-owned United Fruit Co. asking approval of its firing of 3,700 banana workers in the zone of Tiquizate.

The company claimed it could no longer provide work for the men because a recent cyclone had destroyed several huge plantations arid there were no bananas to gather. Dismissing this as a feeble excuse, Valladares pointed out that there is a tremendous amount of clearing, planting, watering and other labor necessary to bring the plantations back to normal and said the dismissed men could be used on those jobs.

Actually, the mass layoffs were the company's answer to demands of its workers for higher wages. In face of the company's tough policy, the union withdrew its economic demands and asked simply for an extension of its contract, which expired recently. The company rejected the demand.

In 19 manufacturing industries studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the increase in productivity in 1950 averaged 8 per cent. Usual trend in manufacturing output is an increase of about 3 per cent a year.

By Carl Haessler

Detroit (FP)—In a typical sensational-if-true story of his relations with the late Henry Ford, Harry Bennett, deposed "little tough guy" of the Ford Motor Co., attempts to even scores with the Ford family, which he holds responsible for his present obscurity as a retired gentleman in California.

Bennett's ghosted book, I Never Called Him Henry, was out October 5. True Magazine published a condensation and gave permission to the Detroit Free Press to publish two installments. Other papers also took extended notice of the work.

The head of Henry Ford's goon army has a keen idea of what decent people thought of him. He says: "I've been called a thug, a gangster, a pro-Nazi, an anti-Semite."

In reply he says everything he did, no matter how brutal or dishonorable, was at Ford's behest. "The reason Mr. Ford kept me on for 30 years was that I did what he wanted me to do."

His picture of old Henry as crafty, brutal, sly, greedy and dishonest (faking an auto accident to avoid testifying in a court action) matches astonishingly with that given by Keith Sward in his one-time Detroit best seller, The Legend of Henry Ford.

He didn't show up at Ford's funeral because, he says, "I knew the family felt bitterly toward me and did not welcome my presence." For good measure, he paints Henry's widow, the late Clara Ford, as an old skinflint, herself darning Henry's socks and making him wear them.

Bennett even tells the story of how Henry's son, the late Edsel Ford, reacted to the old man's revelation that he (Henry) had spent half a million of company funds on a yacht and yet the accountants, who knew nothing of that, said the books balanced. He says: "'You're nothing but a bunch of crooks!' said Mr. Ford—and left the table. After the first awful moment of silence had passed Edsel said to me, 'Hell, you and father are the crooks.'" Edsel is pictured as puppet president of the Ford Motor Co.

His shot at Henry Ford II, grandson of old Henry and now company president, was delivered at a directors' meeting in 1945 where old Henry's resignation was read. "You're taking over a billiondollar organization that you haven't contributed a thing to," Bennett says he told young Henry, thus unconsciously revealing his own bitterness at being shoved out of a good thing. The risks he took in running Ford's business world and underworld empire Bennett disclosed at the Kefauver Senate crime committee hearing in Detroit last February when he reluctantly testified to an almost blank memory. Asked to name the hoodlums in the five gangs he said operated in Detroit, Bennett almost jumped out of his witness chair in the Federal building and cried: "You want me to get my head blown off? Those were pretty tough times. Every week someone was found dead."

London (ALN) — Six Labor MPs, Lord Farringdon, Lord Strabolgi, Professors Julian Huxley and J. B. S. Haldane and a number of other leading British personalities cabled the Greek government a demand that imprisoned and exiled members of the Union of Democratic Left (EDA) be released and allowed to take the seats in parliament to which they were recently elected.

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By Edward Rohrbough

Dr. John Fairbanks of Harvard, who is to address the Institute of Pacific Relations here sometime in the near future on "Our Future Relations With China," might give his listeners a considerable insight on past U.S. relations with China if he were to tell of the Yang Ch'ao case.

Perhaps he can explain the present phenomenon which sees the State Department vigorously protesting Czechoslovakian judicial action in the case of William Oatis, Associated Press correspondent, who was tried, who confessed and who was then found guilty of espionage.

Dr. Fairbanks, though he was not personally responsible, knows the full details of a case where the State Department allowed one of its own employes to be arrested, jailed, tortured and perhaps, even murdered by the Chiang Kai-shek government without making anything more than a mild inquiry into the matter.

Yang Never Even Charged

Dr. Fairbanks was head of a State Department agency and he knows the employe's only "crime" was that he carried out assignments given him by that agency, the Office of War Information. Yet Yang Ch'ao, a newspaperman like Otis, was never even so much as formally charged.

Mr. Yang was top advisor and translator for the Fukien branch of the OWI in the last year of the war against Japan. As head of the news branch of that office, I knew Yang well and was intimately familiar with the facts of the case that led to his imprisonment and death. To understand the case, you have to remember that Fukien and most of Southeast China had been cut off from Chungking and the American bases in West China when the Japanese army drove down the Hangkow-Canton railroad.

But in the east, around Shanghai, and even to the south of Hang-chow Bay, the Chinese Communist New 4th Army had mobilized peasants to take, the countryside from the Japanese—until they reached a part of Chekiang that was held by Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang. For vast stretches, even south of the Yangtze, the Communists represented the only force which successfully opposed Japan.

The Communists stopped any repetition of the clashes that had occurred in Chekiang when the Kuomintang attacked them and the peasants who helped them fight Japan. Then, as earlier, the Communists adhered to their motto: "Chinese should not fight Chinese. Instead, throw out the invader."

But General Ku Chu-tung, commanding the Kuomintang troops in the area, set his battle lines resolutely against the Communists and withdrew one general, Li Liangyung, who insisted on fighting the Japanese.

OWI Sought Liaison

Faced with the need to know what was going on in the areas where the Communists controlled the countryside and the Japanese the cities, Christopher Rand, head of the Fukien OWI branch, decided to send a messenger through General Ku's lines. He would have to do this without Ku's knowledge or permission, since the Kuomintang general had already forestalled all efforts to make any such contact.

So Mr. Rand, who later won a Guggenheim fellowship for his work covering China for the New York Herald Tribune, let it be known through channels of his own that he was seeking a man for such a job. Before long, there was an applicant, a young man named Cho Pi. But was Cho honest, or was he a disguised agent of General Ku?

Rand asked Yang Ch'ao to interview him and find out.

When Mr. Yang came back from the interview, he reported that he thought Cho was honest, but perhaps somewhat young and indiscreet for the job.

"Risky Business"

"This," he told Rand, and repeated it, "is a risky business."

Nevertheless, Rand decided to send Cho and Yang was called in again to instruct him in his duties in the occupied area. Principally, he was to gather such printed propaganda as both Japanese and Communists circulated among the peasants.

Cho left our Fukien headquarters and about two months later, General Ku notified us he had arrested Cho Pi with Japanese and Communist propaganda in his possession and demanded that we discharge him from our employ so he could be dealt with according to Chinese (Kuomintang) law.

Our office identified Cho Pi as an employe, informed Ku that he was bringing materials we had ordered him to get for us as a part of the war effort, and we demanded that he be released.

Aide To Governor

Ku's answer was to begin wholesale arrests of people in Yungan, Fukien, which was our headquarters. Almost without exception, those people had been friends or acquaintances of Cho Pi. Among these was one of the secretaries of the Fukien provincial governor.

When General Ku's officers came to our compound in Yungan to arrest Yang, Rand refused to turn him over, explaining that, if there was any offense, the OWI was guilty for it had given him instructions.

Refused To Discuss Case

The Kuomintang general insisted that he had orders to arrest Yang, that Yang was a Chinese citizen and subject to the Kuomintang sovereignty he represented. But he refused to make any charge against Yang or even discuss the reasons for Yang's arrest. When Rand still refused to turn Yang over the Kuomintang threw a cordon of some 300 police around our compound. While the police watched night and day to prevent Yang leaving, they would give no explanation for their blockade.

"Why do you watch the roads?" a visitor from the, U. S. Navy asked one.

The evasive, but revealing answer was: "We have to watch the people. The people must always be suspected." There were two attempts by the Kuomintang to slip plainclothes agents into our compound, apparently for the purpose of kidnapping Yang, and after that, Yang was accompanied 24 hours a day by one of the Americans, armed.

I had known Yang very well and I was often chosen to be his bodyguard.

Preferred Death To Torture

He told me, as he told Rand a number of times: "I would rather be dead than in the hands of the Third War Zone police."

We had all heard of the horrors of Kuomintang concentration camps. Rand promised him at least twice that he would never be turned over to General Ku.

But Rand's firm stand was weakened by the repeated demands of the Kuomintang police and by the offer of a bargain. The bargain was that one of the Americans from the OWI staff would be allowed to visit Yang every day of his imprisonment and interview him freely to see that no physical torture should come to him.

Under those circumstances, Yang was turned over for arrest and in spite of what he knew of the methods of General Ku's police, he was calm and smiling as he stepped into the police car.

KMG Broke Promise

For one week the Kuomintang kept its agreement, but then an official said no further visits would be allowed. Yang was to undergo "intensive questioning." No American ever saw him again, though word came from Chungking that General Wedemeyer was intervening in the case.

Then the atom bomb fell, the Soviet Union entered the war and Japan sued for peace. - In the jumble of moving into Shanghai, Nanking and the coastal cities of China, the Yang Ch'ao case was all but forgotten officially.

Informed of "Charges"

Finally, answer came to the OWI, forwarded from General Wedemeyer, who had been informed by the Kuomintang that Yang was charged with "communicating with the bandit army" and with giving political and economic information to the "bandit army." Such accusations, never put in the form of charges, were obvious distortions of conversations Yang might have had with Cho Pi UPON INSTRUCTIONS OF THE OWI.

The State Department—which now screams about the Oatis case —officially fired Yang on nothing more than those flimsy accusations and refused to take any further interest in the case.

Mrs. Yang was left to exist on the charity of friends.

Mrs. Yang Fought On That woman with the courage of a lion, continued to fight for her husband's release. She visited every official she thought might help to beg, plead and even threaten, but with her husband disavowed by the postwar State Department, she had little chance of success.

She was able to interview him only twice. The first time, a Kuomintang policeman sat in on the conversation and took up most of the time arguing with her that she should try to make Americans forget the case.

The second time was January 9, 1946, when she called at the prison at Hangchow. Yang, removed from prison to the hospital only that day, was so near death that he could not speak. During the few hours before his death, he could only answer his wife's questions by nodding and shaking his head. When she asked if he had been tortured, his eyes rolled as if in panic and he became terribly excited as he nodded and tried to speak.

A few minutes later, when she asked if he wanted his story told outside, he nodded with more excitement. It was his last conscious expression.

No Doctor Would Sign Trying to ascertain the cause of Yang's death, his widow was told he died of "malaria." But no doctor in the hospital would sign his death certificate.

Because she had almost no money and because inflation in China had already shot up to unheard-of heights, Mrs. Yang could not even bring her husband's body back to Shanghai for burial.

At the same time, the OWI was conducting an operation that -cost thousands, and an important part of that operation was the financing of cocktail parties at which Kuomintang newspapermen and officials were the chief guests.

Dr. Fairbanks, who had become head of the OWI after Yang's dismissal, expressed sympathy for Mrs. Yang, but told me the State Department would not approve so much as a nickel to assist her. Fairbanks, however, contributed generously along with most other OWI personnel, to a fund for Yang's burial.

Six months after her husband's death, Mrs. Yang was finally able to raise enough money to bring Yang's body from Hangchow to Shanghai for burial, and the last man to turn over the body for the Kuomintang admitted to Mrs. Yang in my hearing that he was a member of the Tai Li police—the Gestapo of Chiang Kai-shek.

Dr. Fairbanks attended the funeral services in Shanghai, but because of his official position with the State Department agency, he felt obliged to refuse an" invitation to speak—at the last rites for a man who was as clearly an American casualty as any soldier killed on Okinawa or in. the Philippines.

While the Quirino government is grinding out propaganda that dissidents and Hukbalahap members are causing violence to disrupt next month's election, nothing is said about the mass murders going on in Nueva Vizcaya province. The newspapers here have published nothing about it.

The Philippines Free Press, Aug. 11, said: "It is a story that chills the blood and makes one recoil with horror—the story of Nueva Vizcaya.

"There have been massacres—in Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna and in other places in this country. But the dark record of the Nueva Vizcaya 'Murder Syndicate' ... remains unparalleled in our records.

"What is behind this continuous liquidation of human beings in Congressman Leon Cabarroguis' province? NBI agents have reported that politics—in its most terrible form—must be the underlying reason since the majority of those who have been killed were Nacionalistas or people known to be unsympathetic with the present, political leaders (of Quirino's Liberal Party) of Nueva Vizcaya..

"During the NBI investigation, four human skeletons were found in graves on the property of Congressman Cabarroguis in a barrio called Busilak."

The article said that in less than two years, the "Murder Syndicate" has snuffed out the lives of more than 100 individuals.

* *

With the election of representatives, municipal officials and eight senators around the corner, President Elpidio Quirino has been making assurances that there will be no violence. During the 1949 election campaign, in various areas there were more voters casting their ballots for Quirino's party candidates than there were people, including children. Anti-administration publications still say that the dead, bees, trees and the birds cast their votes. In some districts the constabulary moved the voting booths and beat up opposition party campaigners.

* *

Congressman Arsenio H. Lacson of Manila and Nacionalista candidate for mayor of Manila, recently had a run-in with an American over the question of Filipinos being "thieves." The Free Press reported Aug. 11:

"The Philippines as a nation of thieves was a view once held, if it is not still held, by many among those who came to liberate or to make money."

It said that Lacson visited the weekly magazine's office recently with a sprained wrist. The American with whom Lacson had an argument, had said the Filipinos are thieves.

The Free Press staff asked Lacson: "Well, aren't they?"

To which the congressman, who was once an Olympics athlete, retorted: "Are you?"

**

Stevan Javellena’s book, Without Seeing the Dawn, gives: a graphic picture of Japanese atrocities during the wartime occupation of the Philippines. Surprisingly to the Filipinos, the Japanese translation of the book has been published in Japan. Some Filipinos feel this act is an indirect, unofficial admission of war guilt by enough Japanese who would pay to read about the cruel and bestial acts of the imperial soldiers.

The Filipinos have a bitter memory of Japanese occupation behavior and it is still not safe for a Japanese, including AJAs, to visit some of the Republic's cities. Recently, in opposing the soft peace with Japan, Filipinos burned John Foster Dulles, the architect of the document, in effigy. Months before this incident, a Korean foreign officer was mistaken for a Japanese and beaten by some Filipinos.

We Have Bombed China

Who's being kidded with the recent Air Force announcements that it may be necessary to bomb China?

Pictorial evidence in the China Monthly Review proves our planes have been over China already. Accompanied by photographs showing the destruction and survivors of the action, the Review reports: "On June 30, the very day General Ridgway issued his call for armistice talks. U. S. planes were over China. During the first two weeks of July, U. S. planes were over China almost every day, bombing and strafing villages.

"The accompanying pictures were taken following a raid by B-29s and jet fighters on the northeast city of Antung last April 7."

The layout is captioned: "Expression of Friendship?"

The China Monthly Review is an American owned magazine published in Shanghai.

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Ray Wright, in case you missed it Tuesday night on the ILWU radio newscast, uttered a strong threat against a man here in the city before he was released on ball to return to Alaska. The man was not Tinei Su'a, whom he shot earlier at the airport, but another Mainlander, a figure in prostitution and narcotics, who is said to have hired several toughies to keep Mrs. Wright in Honolulu. These men, according to good information on such matters, are violent for fees and have been in the employ of various underworld figures during the past couple of years, handing out beatings for a price. They seldom take chances and the odds are generally three to one against the victim.

. * *

The illegal practice of the police in entering dancehalls in so-called shakedown raids has been hit before in the RECORD, but it's reported still continuing. One of the latest was Sweet's Ballroom, which was visited by a full crew of vice squad men in tow of Sgt. Paul Shaffer Saturday night.

In the manner that has already become notorious, the cops lined the patrons up and frisked them without so much as the mention of a search warrant. No arrests were made, though a couple of pocketknives were picked up off the floor. The rumor that one of them was a Boy Scout knife has not been verified.

Sgt. Shaffer distinguished himself by charging into the ladies' room to find Marylyn King, the featured dancer, changing clothes there. Miss King, recently arrived from the Mainland, had done nothing more than perform her dance, and was reported considerably upset by the whole thing. She performs regularly at the Beretania Follies but had been brought down to Sweet's for a spot number.

If Chief Liu wishes to convince the public that the police have any respect for the law, he'll do well to check into these "shakedown" raids, their reason and their results.

* *

Maurice Furusho, longshoreman now for 11 years, was one of Hawaii's early swimming champions who never got to compete on the Mainland or in Japan or any of the other places Hawaiian swimmers visit often now.

"I didn't even travel to the outside islands," says Furusho, who carried the Hui Makani colors in the 220, 440 and 880 races and who is still remembered as a great competitor by his contemporaries— who include a diver named Wilfred Oka, then representing the University of Hawaii and sometimes the Nuuanu YMCA. Both Furusho and Oka are a little too heavy to compete now.

* *
Judge Metzger was indorsed for reappointment by the central committee of the right wing Democrats at a meeting Monday, but you may not have known about it for the story was buried inside both dallies. Where do. you suppose they'd have run the story if the right-wingers had refused to indorse the judge? And what do you suppose were the "personal feelings" referred to by John P. Souza, right wing committeeman, who said such feelings provided the only basis for opposing the judge in the discussion that preceded the unanimous vote?

* *

"Scottsboro Boy" by Heywood Patterson, is now available at the Port St. Five-and-Dime store for 25 cents. There's no more vivid picture of the lynch-minded south, where fascism was a fact long before Hitler. Patter-son is one of seven Negroes saved from execution by the protests of people all over the world. But even after the charge of "rape"
against the seven was clearly disproved and denied by the women who first made it, the Negroes were held in jail. Patterson escaped and at last notice, was still a fugitive from Alabama "justice."

* *

K. O. Soong, Kauai's personnel director of civil service, is guilty of more inefficient practices than any county director in the Territory, says an observer with an excellent chance to see them all. Soong is very lucky, says the observer, that he doesn't have to pass a civil service exam to confirm his own rating, CAP-12. And in spite of irregularities like the Warford case and others exposed by the RECORD from time to time, D. Ransom Sherretz, in the opinion of the same observer, is probably the best of the lot.

All of which might correctly give the reader some impression of what a sad state county civil service is in.

* *

Workers at Kauai Motors Co., Ltd., and Lihue Motors Co., Ltd., listened to the lure of the bosses a good many months ago and voted in an NLRB election against being represented by ILWU Local 142, which was at that time the name of the sugar workers union. John Fox, the company radio spokesman at that time, had a glowing report of the event.

Of course he didn't report the fact that the two companies threw a big joint party for their employes and made many promises of the wonderful things in store for the workers if they'd only stick with the company and refuse to organize.

Today, if he reported honestly, he would have to tell how those same workers are thoroughly disillusioned. The promises just haven't been kept, they say, and many of them know now that they sold out their birthrights for a mess of the bosses' party poi.

* *

The Oahu Sugar Co. of Waipahu, which tries to shine its face to impress visitors, hasn't done a thorough cleanup job for a long time—as it did a couple of years ago when a Washington dignitary paid a call. At that time the main road was worked over and over for a week, residents there recall. But Stable and Spanish camps were ignored as usual for the guided tours never take in the sight of neglected and dilapidated housing.

* *

When Ewa Plantation announced the profits for last year, the management said it would improve employe housing. Despite the high hedges, any visitor or a motorist going to Barbers Point can see that the Filipino camp is still the disgraceful plantation slum. Only a few hundred yards away is the manager's mansion.

* *

A TPA Employe, on a company errand, was asked about the rate of Aloha Airlines stock at present, in view of testimony in court recently to the effect that David Benz was allowed to buy stock at three cents a share.

"I'd like to be able to buy some at less than a dollar," she said, and left before anyone could tell her that statement might be interpreted as anti-Benz, though she probably meant it as pro-Aloha.

* *
There is a strong belief among those who know the pineapple industry, that other companies were helping Hawaiian Pine fill its orders during the Lanai strike and that's one reason for the company's stubbornness. Yet any move of labor unions to cooperate, or bargain in a group, is almost invariably hit by employers as "monopoly."

Leo Leavitt Receipts At Stadium Attached

The bad news for Leo Leavitt wasn't all contained in the report of the slim attendance at the much publicized Dawson-Fernanden fight and the gross receipts of only $4,970.70.

At the box office, a representative of the C-C sheriff's office attached the receipts and collected $1,500 on behalf of the International Travel Bureau.

Some more that had to come out of the receipts were: $1,000 Stadium rent, approximately $375 pay for Stadium workers, a reported $2,500 for Frankie Fer-nandez plus another $750 for training expenses; a reported $2,500 for Freddie Dawson, plus two round trip tickets from Chicago, plus an advertised $250 bonus for knocking out his opponent; a 20 per cent amusement tax on the gross, plus a two and one-half per cent Territorial tax.

All that, plus expenses for advertising, newspaper and radio, not to mention the item of pay for the boxers on the supporting card, all goes to show that promoting fights here can be a very tough business indeed.

For the fans, though, no one denied that the promotion was an artistic success. They saw one of the greatest fighters of today beat one of the greatest fighters Hawaii has ever produced. But you can't eat art!

Rep. Clarence Seong. owner of Lani Wai night club, was fined $50 for serving liquor to a minor in his establishment. He pleaded guilty to the charge and asked for leniency because of first offense.

"If a minor was served liquor in my establishment I plead guilty," he said, and added: "I wasn't at the Lani Wai on the night it happened."

The representative told the liquor commission during a hearing held Oct. 5 that it is unfair to penalize only the owners of bars and not the minors themselves who should know that they are prohibited from establishments serving liquor.

Charles Thompson, chairman of the liquor commission, told Seong: "You, as the owner of such an establishment, know the rules and regulations. If you or any one of your waitresses is in doubt of one's age, always ask for identification."

In determining the penalty for the owner of Lani Wai, the commissioners went into executive session for five minutes.

An owner of a bar told the RECORD that the commissioners are not consistent. He said that he was warned the first time and on his second offense, his place was closed for one month. * *

Thomas Yamashita, president of the UPWA unit on Maui, reported that seven new members were signed up on Molokai during a short trip made by the union's officers to the Friendly Isle. Yamashita attributed progress made by his union in its organizational drive to the UPWA's rank and file policy.

Souza Gives Reason For Resigning Post

Maui—Richard Souza, until recently assistant fish and game warden on Maui, informed the RECORD that he did not resign his position because his superiors were going to put a "haole" in his place and send him to Lanai. This was reported as the reason for his resignation by this weekly last week. Souza said he resigned because of a personal misunderstanding with the board of agriculture and forestry.

Beef production in 1951 is expected to run 3 per cent under last year.

[PAGE 7] [back to the top]

Was William Oatis, the AP man convicted by the Czechoslovak People's Republic, guilty of spying? The dailies have been running stories that he is not and that U. S. newsmen have been protesting his imprisonment.

Recently Czech ambassador Dr. Vladimir Prochazka invited the press in Washington and played a tape recording of the trial in which Oatis testified that he was sorry he had "helped the cause of war." He also identified a card which showed him to be a U. S. military intelligence operative.

In the tape recording Oatis was heard saying: "I am sorry I went in for espionage . . . Your security organ has caught me and you know all about me ... I am giving up espionage forever."

The newsmen had very few questions to ask although a few weeks ago when the Czech ambassador arrived in the U. S. and presented his credentials to the President, they slanted their writings which helped to provoke the cancelling of the trade agreement between the two countries.

Newspapers on, the Mainland and locally did not publish anything about this interview.

The dailies on the Mainland which give more news of controversial nature to their readers than the local press, did not give Oatis' letter to his wife adequate treatment. Locally, those who depend on the dailies have not read that Oatis wrote his wife:

"I am sure you must be surprised that I have been arrested. In explanation, all I will tell you now is that I have been caught in espionage. When I get orders to carry out espionage, I fulfill them valiantly."

An Old (Outer) Island Custom

Thirty-one years ago (May 15, 1920) a "Tourist and Observer" wrote to the Advertiser, blowing his top. What he observed may throw some light on why Hawaii was so slow in developing its tourist trade to tine dimensions of big business.

"You have spent millions of dollars," he wrote, "erecting beautiful hotels to take care of the tourist traffic to the Islands, and the shipping combine is strangling it to death."

Shipping Monopoly Had "Public Be Damned" Policy

The shipping combine to which "Tourist and Observer" referred was the Matson Navigation Co., which enjoyed a near-monopoly of passenger traffic from the West Coast, and its then subsidiary, the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co. "Tourist and Observer" said they had a. "public be damned" policy.

Matson had just netted a profit of $2,500,000 in 1919, and already a round trip to Hawaii cost $240, but now it was going to raise rates to $280. Reason alleged: Fuel oil and wages were so high. "Tourist and Observer" wanted to know why rates along the West Coast were so low, for surely oil and labor cost just as much there.

From San Francisco to Los Angeles, 475 miles, the fare was $12.50; to Portland, 772 miles, it was $20; to Seattle, 957 miles, $22—from 2.3 to 2.63 cents a mile for West Coast steamer fares. But from San Francisco to Honolulu, 2,100 miles, one paid 5.71 cents a mile!

Chamber Fell Down and Was Flattened Out

"Tourist and Observer" then pitched into the businessmen of Hawaii for putting up with such a condition.

"The other day the Honolulu Shipping Combine notified you that they would within a month raise the present rates $20 each way . . . Your Chamber of Commerce made a protest, but because of the niter-locking condition of your business community, they soon fell down and the shipping combine flattened them out for they were individually afraid the shipping combine would apply the lash, deprive them of business, hurt them with the banks and deny them favors when shipping freight. Then the president of the Matson line stated he did not care what protests were made, he was going to put the rates in force."

"There are a great many things to see on the Islands," went on this angry tourist, "and many places would be visited by the tourist if he had his own machine, but the shipping combine has made the rate of shipping a machine so high the public revolts and does not ship."

Exhorbitant Cost of Transportation Here

You could ship your Ford from San Francisco to Los Angeles for $1, he said (did the printer change $10 to $1?), but to Honolulu it cost $45. That was only the beginning. From Honolulu to Kauai, only 90 miles, it cost another $35! To Hilo, 190 miles, it cost five dollars less!

The Inter-Island sheared the tourist on passenger fares, too. From Honolulu to Kauai or Maui, first class passage was $9, and to Hilo, $20, or four times as much a mile as from San Francisco to any West Coast port.

Inter-Island's "peculiar conditions" also applied to freight. Freight rates on certain goods from San Francisco to Honolulu or any other Island port were $7 a ton, "but if you happen to make a mistake and ship it to Honolulu and then have to re-ship it to those points on the other Islands, the rate is $5.50 a ton in addition."

Public Utility Commission That Mumbles

It was like that in California, too. wrote "Tourist and Observer," in the old days when the Southern Pacific Railway had everything its own way. Hawaii should follow California's example and get a Public Utilities Commission that would do something.

"You have in these Islands a Utility Commission but it is like an old woman with no teeth; it can mumble but it cannot bite."

No commission, either Territorial or Federal, bit Matson and Inter-Island. Until airborne competition began to bring them into line, they kept on charging all the traffic would bear.

By Frank Marshall Davis

Poverty is a Curable Disease

Poverty is a social disease. Like many other diseases, it can be prevented and cured.

That is the diagnosis of a noted physician, Dr. Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, professor emeritus of public health at Yale University. His analysis of poverty as a preventable social disease was made four years ago at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, whose official journal he edited.

We tell the world that we have the highest standard of living on the globe. But we try to keep quiet about the fact that millions of us Americans live in poverty. Dr Winslow's report had the effect of ripping the covering off those realities we have been trying so diligently to hide, Third of Population Afflicted by Disease

"The disease of poverty," he said, "affects a proportion not far from one-third of our population, and it bears acutely oh the more than one-sixth of the population below the $l,000-a-year level."

Prices have skyrocketed since 1947, with wages lagging behind as usual. There are still millions of Americans with incomes under $1,000 per year and many of those who now get above that figure annually still find themselves in the same old category based on the purchasing power of the dollar today as compared with 1947.

For fear that you may think Dr. Winslow's diagnosis is "more Communist propaganda," allow me to point out it was based on a report entitled "America's Needs and Resources," issued by the highly safe and respectable Twentieth Century Fund.

Relationship Between Disease and Poverty

That report showed that in 1941, 38 per cent of Americans "living in cities had family incomes under $1,500. There was nothing to indicate that at any time in the immediate future there would be abundance for all.

For over 50 years, a long string of surveys has proved the relationship between disease and poverty. Back in 1937, the U. S. Public Health Service issued a significant report revealing that families with annual incomes of under $1,000 had nearly four times as much disability from tuberculosis, nearly three times as much disability from orthopedic impairments and about twice as much disability from rheumatism, digestive diseases and nervous ailments as families with yearly incomes of over $5,000.

This and other studies also proved that those with the lowest incomes not only have the most sickness but get the least medical care. Completing the picture is bad housing where those with low incomes are forced to live and where disease breeds. If there ever was a vicious circle, this is it.

Long-Range Job Ahead for America

As a result, millions of Americans never get an equal chance in life. Such are the conditions that breed a Palakiko and a Majors and which help spread epidemics from which an entire community may suffer.

But, as Dr. Winslow pointed out, poverty can be eliminated as a social disease. That is the long-range job ahead for America. Immediately we can eradicate those ills that ride with poverty —slums and sickness. But to do so we have got to remove the barriers erected by those two well-heeled and powerful defenders of the status quo known as the National Association of Real Estate Boards and the American Medical Association.

What is needed now is public housing for low income • groups and a national health insurance program. Thus far, however, the two aforementioned organizations have successfully blocked any government attempt to adequately carry forward either program.

Battle Can Be Won

"It is a misguided opposition in both instances," said Dr. Winslow. "Low-rent, subsidized housing cannot possibly compete with any legitimate real estate business since its beneficiaries can only be those families unable to pay an economic rent. As to sickness insurance, the 'compulsion' which is denounced by certain medical societies, is not a tax • on the medical profession at all, but only on employes and employers who must contribute to the fund. Employes are strongly in favor of such compulsion and employers have voiced little or no opposition to it."

Here in Honolulu, a beginning has been made on the issue of adequate housing for low income groups. But it is only a surface scratching: thousands of units must be constructed before all Hawaii can be considered adequately housed. As for public health insurance, it just doesn't exist.

But the battle to wipe out the social disease of poverty can be won. And it will be won when enough Americans, in the words of Dr. Winslow, "determine that men shall not be physically and emotionally crippled by malnutrition, by slum dwelling, by lack of medical care, by social insecurity."

Women wage earners had a median income of little over $1,000 in 1948 Median income of men during the same year was 2 1/3 times as high.

A 1949 study by the Federal Security Agency showed non-whites to have 50 per cent higher chronic disability rates than whites.

On The Chinese Students

The detention of Chinese students in Honolulu and the prevention of their departure to their native homes just because they had studied science in U. S. universities caused varied and interested comments in the Chinese community here.

This incident has broad significance and should be of interest and concern to everyone.

The Washington directive which the local Immigration Service officers followed says that foreign students are to be held if they had studied science in the U. S., and if their departure would be "prejudicial to the U. S. government."

These students arrived in the U. S. when Chiang Kai-shek was in power. While they were studying, Chiang's regime fell and he fled to Formosa.

The students do not want to g6 to Formosa. They want to return to their native homes on the mainland. This fact alone is convincing proof that they are deeply interested in the future of their country. They have lived under Chiang's repressive regime. They undoubtedly have heard of progress made Under the new government, where industrialism, flood control and irrigation projects, and the land-to-the-tillers program are being carried out.

If the return of these students is "prejudicial" to the U. S., then it means that information and training given in colleges is "classified." The next logical step would be labelling the courses "top secret," "secret" or "confidential," for how else can it be determined that one will be detained and another allowed to depart from our shores. Then books now freely used in libraries and sold in stores must also be labelled, for foreign students.

All this means that students from colonial and semi-colonial countries cannot afford to study science in the U. S. If their motherland became completely free of foreign domination and economic exploitation, they may be kept from returning home—because their departure would be "prejudicial to the U. S. government." This would apply to students from places like Iraq, Indo-China or Iran.

Today, the students who have studied science in our universities are denied their homeward journey. Next, it will be students who have had pre-medical training, if not already—after that, the shipment of books or periodicals, sold here on the open market. Two-way exchange of scientific information would be cut off entirely. What the U. S. universities teach in the line of science to foreign students, can be learned in European countries, including the Soviet Union. Foreign students who are stringently screened and watched in the U. S. surely are not given information which is of a classified or strategic nature.

The State Department's student exchange program certainly falls flat in the face of these arrests.