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Mark
Q. Martindale |
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Evolutionary
developmental biology My lab is currently focused in three major areas. The first area of interest is to understand the relationship between radially symmetrical and bilaterally symmetrical organisms. Current theory predicts that bilaterians are derived from a radially symmetrical stock, yet there is little evidence for how such a transition might have occurred. For example, what is the relationship of the oral-aboral axis of radially symmetrical forms to the anterior-posterior of bilaterians? How did the dorsoventral axis arise? To what degree are the molecular events underlying patterning events conserved in this group of animals? We are investigating these and other aspects of early development in representatives of both anthozoan cnidarian (corals and sea anemones) and ctenophore embryos. The second area is to understand the evolution of the third, "middle" embryonic germ layer (called mesoderm) and the evolution of the nervous system in phylogenetically important groups (e.g. including cnidarians, ctenophores, acoel flatworms, and chaetognaths) to see if networks of gene expression observed in bilaterian animals are used in similar ways throughout the Metazoa. The third area of interest is to understand the
role of the early cleavage program in the segregation of developmental
potential in a wide variety of animals which share a mode of embryogenesis
known as spiral cleavage (e.g. molluscs, annelids, nemerteans, sipunculids,
echiurans, and flatworms..). Of particular interest is the mechanisms
by which dorsoventral polarity is established in members of different
spiralian phyla. We are also interested in understanding the significance
of naturally evolved variations in the spiral cleavage program such
as modifications associated with the abandonment of larval development
in order to develop directly to a miniature adult form (direct development).
Representative
publications Adamska, M., Matus, D.Q., Adamski, M., Green, K., Martindale, M.Q., and Degnan, B.M. 2007. Evolutionary origin of hedgehog proteins. *Current Biology*, 17, R836-37. Putnum, N., , Srivastava, M., Hellsten, U., Dirks, B., Chapman, J., Salamov, A., Terry, A., Shapiro, H., Lindquist, E., Kapitonov, V.V., Jurka, J., Genikhovich, G., Grigoriev, I., JGI Sequencing Team, Steele, R., Finnerty, J.R., Technau, U., Martindale, M.Q., and Rokhsar, D. 2007. *Sea anemone genome reveals the gene repertoire and genomic organization of the eumetazoan ancestor. 2007, Science**, 317, 86-94. *DOI: 10.1126/science.1139158. Matus, D.Q., Halanych, K., and Martindale, M.Q. 2007. The Hox Complement of a Pelagic Chaetognath, /Flaccisagitta enflata/: Insights into Metazoan Phylogeny. *Int. and Comp. Biol*. 47, 854-865. Dunn, C.W., Hejnol, A., Matus, D.Q., Pang, K., Browne,
W.E., Smith, S.A., Seaver, E., Rouse, G.W., Obst, M., Edgecombe,
G.D., Sørensen, M.V., Haddock, S.H.D., G., Schmidt-Rhaesa,
A., Okusu, A., Kristensen, R., Wheeler, W.C., Martindale, M.Q.,
and Giribet, G. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution
of the animal tree of life. Henry J.Q., Perry, K.J., Wever, J.,^ Seaver, E.,
and Martindale, M.Q. 2008. ?-catenin is required for the establishment
of vegetal embryonic fates in the nemertean, /Cerebratulus lacteus/.
*Develop. Biol*. 317, 368-379. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio Pang, K., and Martindale, M.Q. 2008. Developmental expression of homeobox genes in the ctenophore, /Mnemiopsis leidyi/. *Develop. Genes Evol*. 218, 307-319. (cover image) Hejnol, A., and Martindale, M.Q. 2008. Acoel development
indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and
anus. *Nature*, 456, 382-386. doi:10.1038/ Marlow, H.Q., Srivastave, M., Matus, D.Q., Rohksar, D., and Martindale, M.Q. 2009. Anatomy and Development of the Nervous system of /Nematostella vectensis/, an Anthozoan Cnidarian. *Developmental Neurobiology**.* 69, 235-254. Nomaksteinsky, M., Roettinger, E., Dufour, H., Chettouh,
Z., Lowe, C., Martindale, M.Q. and Brunet, JF. 2009. Centralization
of the Deuterostome Nervous System Predates Chordates. *Current
Biology*, 19, R640-642.
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